ASTM D4791-19

Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The particles shape of course aggregates influences the properties of some construction materials and may affect their placement and consolidation.  
5.2 This test method provides a means for checking compliance with specifications that limit such particles or to determine the relative shape characteristics of coarse aggregates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregates. Two procedures, Method A and Method B, are presented in this standard. Method A is a reflection of the original procedure as developed prior to Superpave and is intended for all non-Superpave applications. Method B is a comparison of the maximum particle dimension to the minimum particle dimension and is intended for use with Superpave specifications.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exception (regarding sieves, per Specification E11)—The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parenthesis.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4791-19(2023) - Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D75/D75M-19 - Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM D75/D75M-13 - Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM E11-13 - Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM C670-13 - Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM C702/C702M-11 - Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM C670-10 - Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM E11-09e1 - Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E691-08 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E177-08 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4791 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated
1
Particles in Coarse Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
centages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and
Coarse Aggregates
elongated particles in coarse aggregates. Two procedures,
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Method A and Method B, are presented in this standard.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
MethodAis a reflection of the original procedure as developed
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
prior to Superpave and is intended for all non-Superpave
to Testing Size
applications. Method B is a comparison of the maximum
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
particle dimension to the minimum particle dimension and is
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
intended for use with Superpave specifications.
Sieves
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ASTM Test Methods
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
and are not considered standard. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2.1 Exception (regarding sieves, per Specification E11)—
3. Terminology
The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for
the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of
3.1 Definitions:
the wires used in the wire cloth. When sieve mesh sizes are 3.1.1 elongated particles of aggregate—those particles of
referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided aggregate having a ratio of length to width greater than a
specified value.
for information purposes and enclosed in parenthesis.
3.1.2 flat and elongated particles of aggregate—those par-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ticles having a ratio of length to thickness greater than a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified value.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 flat particles of aggregate—those particles of aggre-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. gatehavingaratioofwidthtothicknessgreaterthanaspecified
value.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.4 length—maximum dimension of the particle, as illus-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the trated in Fig. 1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.5 thickness—minimum dimension of particle. It is the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
maximum dimension perpendicular to the length and width as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
illustrated in Fig. 1.
3.1.6 width—intermediate dimension of the particle. It is the
maximum dimension in the plane perpendicular to the length
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4791 – 10, which contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
was withdrawn February 2019 and reinstated in November 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4791-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4791 − 19
FIG. 1 Particle Dimensions
and thickness.The width dimensions is greater than or equal to 7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and reduce it to an amount
the thickness as illustrated in Fig. 1. suita
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4791 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated
1
Particles in Coarse Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
centages of flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and
Coarse Aggregates
elongated particles in coarse aggregates. Two procedures,
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Method A and Method B, are presented in this standard.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Method A is a reflection of the original procedure as developed
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
prior to Superpave and is intended for all non-Superpave
to Testing Size
applications. Method B is a comparison of the maximum
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
particle dimension to the minimum particle dimension and is
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
intended for use with Superpave specifications.
Sieves
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical ASTM Test Methods
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
and are not considered standard. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2.1 Exception (regarding sieves, per Specification E11)—
3. Terminology
The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for
the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of
3.1 Definitions:
the wires used in the wire cloth. When sieve mesh sizes are 3.1.1 elongated particles of aggregate—those particles of
referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided aggregate having a ratio of length to width greater than a
for information purposes and enclosed in parenthesis. specified value.
3.1.2 flat and elongated particles of aggregate—those par-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ticles having a ratio of length to thickness greater than a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified value.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1.3 flat particles of aggregate—those particles of aggre-
gate having a ratio of width to thickness greater than a specified
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
value.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.4 length—maximum dimension of the particle, as illus-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the trated in Fig. 1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.5 thickness—minimum dimension of particle. It is the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
maximum dimension perpendicular to the length and width as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
illustrated in Fig. 1.
3.1.6 width—intermediate dimension of the particle. It is the
maximum dimension in the plane perpendicular to the length
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4791 – 10, which contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
was withdrawn February 2019 and reinstated in November 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4791-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4791 − 19
FIG. 1 Particle Dimensions
and thickness. The width dimensions is greater than or equal to 7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and reduce it to an amount
the thickness as illustrated in Fig. 1. suitable for testing using the applicable procedures described in
Practice C702/C702M. The sample for test shall be approxi-
4. Summary
...