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ASTM D6442-06(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water

Standard Test Method for Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to provide a laboratory procedure to quantify and characterize the release rates of copper from antifouling coatings in substitute ocean water over a period of immersion under specified laboratory conditions of constant temperature, pH, salinity, and low copper concentration. Quantitative measurement of the release rate is necessary to help in selection of materials, in providing quality control, and in understanding the performance mechanism.  
4.2 Results from this test method establish a pattern of copper release from an antifouling coating over a minimum of 45 days exposure under controlled laboratory conditions. Copper release rates from antifouling paints in-service vary over the life of the coating system depending on the formulation and on the physical and chemical properties of the environment. Factors such as differences in berthing locations, operating schedules, length of service, condition of paint film surface, temperature, pH, and salinity influence the actual release rate under environmental conditions. Results obtained using this test method do not reflect actual copper release rates that will occur in-service, but provide comparisons of the release rate of different antifouling formulations in substitute ocean water under the prescribed laboratory conditions.  
4.3 By comparison with copper release rate measurements obtained either by direct measurements of copper release rate from AF coating systems on ship hulls, or copper release rate measurements from AF coating systems from harbor exposed panels, all available data indicate that the results of this test method (Test Method D6442) significantly overestimate the release rate of copper when compared to release rates under in-service conditions. Published results demonstrate that this test method produces higher measurements of copper release rate than from direct in-situ measurements for the same coating on in-service ship hulls and harbor-exposed panels. The di...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the rate at which copper is released from an antifouling (AF) coating in substitute ocean water. The practical limits for quantifying copper release rates by this method are from 1.8 to 500 μg cm-2d-1. This range may be extended to 0.2 to 500 μg cm-2d-1 if the analytical procedure described in Appendix X1 is followed.
Note 1: The term “substitute ocean water” is used throughout this standard to refer to artificial or synthetic seawater prepared in accordance with Practice D1141.  
1.2 The procedure contains the preparation steps for the release rate determination of copper from antifouling paints including apparatus, reagents, holding tank conditions, and sampling point details. Analysis for the concentration of copper in substitute ocean water requires the accurate determination of copper at the low parts μg L-1 (parts per billion, ppb) level. To detect and correct for reagent impurities, acceptable analytical precision standards are necessary. Therefore, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for copper in substitute ocean water for the analytical method shall be 10 μg L-1 (10 ppb) or less. The procedure for determining the LOQ for copper in substitute ocean water for the analytical method is found in Annex A2.  
1.3 A suitable method is described in Appendix X1 (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, GF-AAS). Other analytical methods may be utilized with relevant procedural changes, as needed, to accommodate selected specific methods. Such methods must meet the limit of quantitation for copper in substitute ocean water of 10 μg L-1 (10 ppb) or less. See 1.2.  
1.4 This results of this test method do not reflect environmental copper release rates for antifouling products, and are not suitable for direct use in the process of generating environmental risk assessments, environmental loading estimates, or for establishing release rate limits for regulator...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2020
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.45 - Marine Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1005-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Referred By
ASTM D6903-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organic Biocide Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM D6442-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean WaterASTM D6442-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water
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ASTM D6442-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6442 − 06 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Copper Release Rate From Antifouling
1
Coatings in Substitute Ocean Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
only.
the rate at which copper is released from an antifouling (AF)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coating in substitute ocean water. The practical limits for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
quantifying copper release rates by this method are from 1.8 to
-2 -1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
500 µg cm d . This range may be extended to 0.2 to 500 µg
-2 -1
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
cm d iftheanalyticalproceduredescribedinAppendixX1is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
followed.
For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
NOTE 1—The term “substitute ocean water” is used throughout this
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
standard to refer to artificial or synthetic seawater prepared in accordance
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with Practice D1141.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 The procedure contains the preparation steps for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
release rate determination of copper from antifouling paints
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
including apparatus, reagents, holding tank conditions, and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
samplingpointdetails.Analysisfortheconcentrationofcopper
insubstituteoceanwaterrequirestheaccuratedeterminationof
2. Referenced Documents
-1
copper at the low parts µg L (parts per billion, ppb) level. To
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
detect and correct for reagent impurities, acceptable analytical
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
precision standards are necessary. Therefore, the limit of
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
quantitation (LOQ) for copper in substitute ocean water for the
D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
-1
analytical method shall be 10 µg L (10 ppb) or less. The
Water
procedure for determining the LOQ for copper in substitute
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ocean water for the analytical method is found in Annex A2.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 Asuitable method is described in Appendix X1 (graph-
ite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, GF-AAS). Other
3.1 The candidate paint is applied to cylindrical test speci-
analytical methods may be utilized with relevant procedural
mens. The coated specimens are placed in a tank of substitute
-1
changes,asneeded,toaccommodateselectedspecificmethods.
ocean water where the copper levels are kept below 100 µg L
Such methods must meet the limit of quantitation for copper in
by circulating the substitute ocean water through a suitable
-1
substitute ocean water of 10 µg L (10 ppb) or less. See 1.2.
filtration system (see 5.3). At specified intervals, each speci-
men is placed in 1500 mL of substitute ocean water (see
1.4 This results of this test method do not reflect environ-
Section 9 for details) and rotated at 60 revolutions per minute
mental copper release rates for antifouling products, and are
(rpm) for 1 h (or less, see 9.8 for further explanation and
not suitable for direct use in the process of generating
instruction). The rate of copper release from the paint is
environmental risk assessments, environmental loading
determined by measuring copper concentrations of the substi-
estimates, or for establishing release rate limits for regulatory
tute ocean water in the individual measuring containers.
purposes. See also Section 4 on Significance and Use.
3.2 Appendix X1 provides an analytical procedure for
measuring copper concentrations in substitute ocean water.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Publish
...

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