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ASTM D7109-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method measures the viscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing.Note 1
This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing. In general, there is no correlation between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing.Note 2
Test Method D 6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D 6278 has not been established.Note 3
Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.Note 4
This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of time required for calibration.Note 5
Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.Note 6
This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than Test Method D 3945.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7109-05 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6278-20a - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6022-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2603-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM D7109-04 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 CyclesASTM D7109-04 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles
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ASTM D7109-04 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D7109–04
Standard Test Method for
Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a
1
European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear
Viscosity)
stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method mea-
2
D 2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-
sures the viscosity loss, in mm /s and percent, at 100°C of
Containing Oils
polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector
D 3945 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-
apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test
3
Containing Fluids Using a Diesel Injector Nozzle
equipment.The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due
D 5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test
to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30
(FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
and 90 cycles of shearing.
D 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-
NOTE 1—Thistestmethodevaluatestheshearstabilityofoilsafterboth
taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparatus
30 and 90 cycles of shearing. In general, there is no correlation between
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing.
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
NOTE 2—Test Method D 6278 uses essentially the same procedure with
Performance
30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between
results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
D 6278 has not been established.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 3—Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of
2.2 Coordinated European Council (CEC) Standard:
shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement.
CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Sta-
Nodetailedattempthasbeenundertakentocorrelatetheresultsofthistest
4
bility of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers
method with those of the sonic shear test method.
NOTE 4—This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC
3. Terminology
L-14-A-93.This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of
time required for calibration. 3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 5—Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector
3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, n—a measure of the resistance to
apparatus but may give different results.
flow of a fluid under gravity.
NOTE 6—This test method has different calibration and operational
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
requirements than Test Method D 3945.
3.2.1 calibration pressure, n—the recorded gage pressure
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
when calibration fluid RL34 undergoes a viscosity loss of 2.75
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to 2.85 mm /s when the recorded gage pressure is within the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
range of 13.0 to 18.0 MPa (1885 to 2611 psi).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 viscosity loss, n—the loss in viscosity determined
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
from the difference in kinematic viscosity at 100°C of pre-
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
sheared and post-sheared fluid.
3.2.3 percent viscosity loss, n—viscosity loss, as defined in
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
percent.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
4.1 A polymer-containing fluid is passed through a diesel
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee injector nozzle at a shear rate that may reduce its kinematic
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Withdrawn.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from CEC Secretariat, Madou Plaza, 25th floor, Place Madou 1,
the ASTM website. B-1210 Brussels, Belgium.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
...

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ASTM D7109-22e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 Cycles and 90 Cycles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effects are minimized.  
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Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the quality of crude oils.  
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C.  
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C is particularly useful in providing the data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in mm2/s (centistokes) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities in mPa·s (centipoises).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 80 kPa (600 mm Hg) and viscosities below 40 000 mm2/s (cSt) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 °C and 100 °C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.  
Note 1: For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.  
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2162-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) and kinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematic viscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards.  
5.2 Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446.  
5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 15 °C to 100 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 The SI-based units for calibration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm 2/s, respectively.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6616-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Shear Rate by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 100 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity at the shear rate and temperature of this test method is thought to be particularly representative of bearing conditions in large medium speed reciprocating engines as well as automotive and heavy duty engines operating in this temperature regime.  
5.2 The importance of viscosity under these conditions has been stressed in railroad specifications.  
5.3 For other industry needs this method may also be run at 80 °C by using different crossover calibration oils available from the manufacturer. No precision has been determined at this temperature. The equipment is also used at higher temperatures as shown in Test Method D4683 and CEC L-36-90 (also referenced from IP 370).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 100 °C and 1·106s–1 using the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) viscometer.2
Note 1: This test method is similar to Test Method D4683 which uses the same TBS viscometer to measure high shear viscosity at 150 °C.  
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 5 mPa·s (cP) to 12 mPa·s (cP) at 100 °C and either the manual or automated protocol was used by each participant in developing the precision statement. The viscosity range of the test method at this temperature is from 1 mPa·s (cP) to above 25 mPa·s (cP), depending on the model of TBS.  
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1·106s–1 for this test method has a viscosity of approximately 10 mPa·s at 100 °C.  
1.4 Application to petroleum products other than engine oil has not been determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. This test method uses the milliPascal second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centiPoise (cP), which is shown in parentheses.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7483-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, as well as non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic equipment, etc. Proper operation of this equipment depends upon the viscosity of these liquids.  
5.2 Oscillating piston viscometers allow viscosity measurement of a broad range of materials including transparent, translucent and opaque liquids. The measurement principle and stainless steel construction makes the Oscillating Piston Viscometer resistant to damage and suitable for portable operations. The measurement itself is automatic and does not require an operator to time the oscillation of the piston. The electromagnetically driven piston mixes the sample while under test. The instrument requires a sample volume of less than 5 mL and typical solvent volume of less than 10 mL which minimizes cleanup effort and waste.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamic viscosity and derivation of kinematic viscosity of liquids, such as new and in-service lubricating oils, by means of an oscillating piston viscometer.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids; however the precision statement was developed using Newtonian liquids.  
1.3 The range of dynamic viscosity covered by this test method is from 0.2 mPa·s to 20 000 mPa·s (which is approximately the kinematic viscosity range of 0.2 mm2/s to 22 000 mm2/s for new oils) in the temperature range between –40 °C to 190 °C; however the precision has been determined only for new and used oils in the range of 34 mPa·s to 1150 mPa·s at 40 °C, 5.7 mPa·s to 131 mPa·s at 100 °C, and 46.5 mm2/s to 436 mm2/s at 40 °C.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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