ASTM E1941-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to test for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in quantities from 20 μg to 500 μg. This corresponds to mass fractions ranging from 0.004 wt % to 0.100 wt % for a 0.5 g sample (see Note 1).
Note 1—Actual quantitative range might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and according to sample mass. Samples of higher mass may allow for proportionally lower detection limits provided complete combustion of the sample is assured.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
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Designation: E1941 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals
1
and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope induction furnace. The carbon in the specimen is oxidized to
carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, or both, and is eventually
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon
carried to the analyzer/detector. The amount of carbon present
in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in quantities
is electronically processed and is displayed by the analyzer
from 20 µg to 500 µg. This corresponds to mass fractions
readout.
ranging from 0.004 wt % to 0.100 wt % for a 0.5 g sample (see
Note 1). 4.2 This test method is written for use with commercially
available analyzers equipped to carry out the above operations
NOTE 1—Actual quantitative range might vary from manufacturer to
and calibrated using commercially available reference materi-
manufacturer and according to sample mass. Samples of higher mass may
allow for proportionally lower detection limits provided complete com- als of known carbon content.
bustion of the sample is assured.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 This test method is intended to test for compliance with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- methodwillbetrainedanalystscapableofperformingcommon
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that
tionary statements are given in Section 9. the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Interferences
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 The elements ordinarily present in these alloys do not
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
interfere. Halides that are present in some sponge type samples
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
will cause low carbon recovery.
Related Materials
7. Apparatus
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
7.1 Combustion Furnace and Measurement Apparatus, au-
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tomatic carbon determinator, consisting of an induction fur-
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
nace; a dust/debris removal trap; an analytical gas stream
purification system; an infrared detection system; and an
3. Terminology
automatic readout (see Note 2).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
NOTE 2—Several models of commercial carbon determinators are
method, see Terminology E135.
available and presently in use in industry. Each has its own unique design
characteristics and operational requirements. Consult the instrument
4. Summary of Test Method
manufacturer’s instruction manuals for operational details.
4.1 The metal specimen, contained in a single-use ceramic
7.2 Oxygen Tank and Regulator.
crucible, is ignited (combusted) in an oxygen atmosphere in an
7.3 Ceramic Crucibles and Lids, that meet or exceed the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on instrument manufacturer’s specifications. Use of lids is op-
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
tional. If they are used, they should have holes in them.
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.06 on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published February 2011. Originally 7.4 Crucible Tongs, capable of handling recommended cru-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1941 – 04. DOI:
cibles.
10.1520/E1941-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7.5 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest milligram.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.6 Furnace, capable of reaching and sustaining a tempera-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ture of at least 700 °C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1941 − 10
8. Reagents 11.2 Nibble, drill, shear, or machine a clean sample so that
pieces are uniform in size and will
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1941–04 Designation:E1941–10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals
1
and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method applies to the determination of carbon in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in concentrations
from 0.004 to 0.100% (see
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in quantities from
20 µg to 500 µg. This corresponds to mass fractions ranging from 0.004 wt % to 0.100 wt % for a 0.5 g sample (see Note 1).
NOTE1—Actual instrument range might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and according to sample size. 1—Actual quantitative range might
vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and according to sample mass. Samples of higher mass may allow for proportionally lower detection limits
provided complete combustion of the sample is assured.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 89.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications ASTM Standards:
E50 PracticesforApparatus,Reagents,andSafetyConsiderationsforChemicalAnalysisofMetals,Ores,andRelatedMaterials
E55Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of
an Analytical Method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1The metal specimen, contained in a single-use ceramic crucible, is ignited in an oxygen atmosphere in an induction furnace.
The carbon in the specimen is oxidized to carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, or both, and is eventually carried to the
analyzer/detector. The amount of carbon present is electronically processed and is displayed by the analyzer readout.
3.2This test method is written for use with commercially available analyzers equipped to carry out the above operations and
calibrated using commercially available standards of known carbon content. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology E135.
4. Significance and Use
4.1This test method is intended to test for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this
method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the
work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.06 on Titanium, Zirconium, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Tantalum, Niobium, Hafnium, and Rhenium.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1941–98. DOI:
10.1520/E1941-04.on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published February 2011. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1941 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/E1941-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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