ASTM E2371-21a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of titanium and titanium alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications of chemical composition such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
5.3 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials used, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This method describes the analysis of titanium and titanium alloys, such as specified by committee B10, by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES) for the following elements:
Element
Application
Range (wt.%)
Quantitative
Range (wt.%)
Aluminum
0–8
0.009 to 8.0
Boron
0–0.04
0.0008 to 0.01
Cobalt
0-1
0.006 to 0.1
Chromium
0–5
0.005 to 4.0
Copper
0–0.6
0.004 to 0.5
Iron
0–3
0.004 to 3.0
Manganese
0–0.04
0.003 to 0.01
Molybdenum
0–8
0.004 to 6.0
Nickel
0–1
0.001 to 1.0
Niobium
0-6
0.008 to 0.1
Palladium
0-0.3
0.02 to 0.20
Ruthenium
0-0.5
0.004 to 0.10
Silicon
0–0.5
0.02 to 0.4
Tantalum
0-1
0.01 to 0.10
Tin
0–4
0.02 to 3.0
Tungsten
0-5
0.01 to 0.10
Vanadium
0–15
0.01 to 15.0
Yttrium
0–0.04
0.001 to 0.004
Zirconium
0–5
0.003 to 4.0
1.2 This test method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified in the quantitative range part of the table in 1.1. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or broader mass fraction ranges as shown in the application range part of the table above provided that test method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. Guide E2857 provides information on validation of analytical methods for alloy analysis.
1.3 Because of the lack of certified reference materials (CRMs) containing bismuth, hafnium, and magnesium, these elements were not included in the scope or the interlaboratory study (ILS). It may be possible to extend the scope of this test method to include these elements provided that method validation includes the evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias during the development of the testing method.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principle...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2371 − 21a
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current
Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
1
Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 Because of the lack of certified reference materials
(CRMs) containing bismuth, hafnium, and magnesium, these
1.1 This method describes the analysis of titanium and
elements were not included in the scope or the interlaboratory
titanium alloys, such as specified by committee B10, by
study (ILS). It may be possible to extend the scope of this test
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
method to include these elements provided that method vali-
(ICP-AES) and direct current plasma atomic emission spec-
dation includes the evaluation of method sensitivity, precision,
trometry (DCP-AES) for the following elements:
and bias during the development of the testing method.
Application Quantitative
Element
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Range (wt.%) Range (wt.%)
Aluminum 0–8 0.009 to 8.0
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
Boron 0–0.04 0.0008 to 0.01
this standard.
Cobalt 0-1 0.006 to 0.1
Chromium 0–5 0.005 to 4.0
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Copper 0–0.6 0.004 to 0.5
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Iron 0–3 0.004 to 3.0
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Manganese 0–0.04 0.003 to 0.01
Molybdenum 0–8 0.004 to 6.0
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Nickel 0–1 0.001 to 1.0
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Niobium 0-6 0.008 to 0.1
Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 9.
Palladium 0-0.3 0.02 to 0.20
Ruthenium 0-0.5 0.004 to 0.10
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Silicon 0–0.5 0.02 to 0.4
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Tantalum 0-1 0.01 to 0.10
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Tin 0–4 0.02 to 3.0
Tungsten 0-5 0.01 to 0.10
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Vanadium 0–15 0.01 to 15.0
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Yttrium 0–0.04 0.001 to 0.004
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Zirconium 0–5 0.003 to 4.0
1.2 This test method has been interlaboratory tested for the
2. Referenced Documents
elements and ranges specified in the quantitative range part of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the table in 1.1. It may be possible to extend this test method
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
to other elements or broader mass fraction ranges as shown in
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
the application range part of the table above provided that test
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
method validation is performed that includes evaluation of
Related Materials
method sensitivity, precision, and bias. Additionally, the vali-
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
dation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample prepa-
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ration methodology using reference materials or spike
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
recoveries, or both. Guide E2857 provides information on
ASTM Test Methods
validation of analytical methods for alloy analysis.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
2
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.06 on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E2371 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2371-21A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2371 − 21a
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Element
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2371 − 21 E2371 − 21a
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current
Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
1
Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This method describes the analysis of titanium and titanium alloys, such as specified by committee B10, by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES) for
the following elements:
Application Quantitative
Element
Range (wt.%) Range (wt.%)
Aluminum 0–8 0.009 to 8.0
Boron 0–0.04 0.0008 to 0.01
Cobalt 0-1 0.006 to 0.1
Chromium 0–5 0.005 to 4.0
Copper 0–0.6 0.004 to 0.5
Iron 0–3 0.004 to 3.0
Manganese 0–0.04 0.003 to 0.01
Molybdenum 0–8 0.004 to 6.0
Nickel 0–1 0.001 to 1.0
Niobium 0-6 0.008 to 0.1
Palladium 0-0.3 0.02 to 0.20
Ruthenium 0-0.5 0.004 to 0.10
Silicon 0–0.5 0.02 to 0.4
Tantalum 0-1 0.01 to 0.10
Tin 0–4 0.02 to 3.0
Tungsten 0-5 0.01 to 0.10
Vanadium 0–15 0.01 to 15.0
Yttrium 0–0.04 0.001 to 0.004
Zirconium 0–5 0.003 to 4.0
1.2 This test method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified in the quantitative range part of the table
in 1.1. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or broader mass fraction ranges as shown in the application
range part of the table above provided that test method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity,
precision, and bias. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using
reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. Guide E2857 provides information on validation of analytical methods for alloy
analysis.
1.3 Because of the lack of certified reference materials (CRMs) containing bismuth, hafnium, and magnesium, these elements
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.06 on Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021Dec. 1, 2021. Published August 2021January 2022. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20132021 as
E2371 – 13.21. DOI: 10.1520/E2371-21.10.1520/E2371-21A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2371 − 21a
were not included in the scope or the interlaboratory study (ILS). It may be possible to extend the scope of this test method to
include these elements provided that method validation includes the evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias during
the development of the testing method.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
3
E1329 Practice for Verificati
...
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