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ASTM D5296-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General Utility—The molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) are fundamental characteristics of a polymer sample. They may be used for a wide variety of correlations for fundamental studies, processing, or product applications. For example, the observed MWD may be compared to one predicted from assumed kinetics or mechanisms for a polymerization reaction. Differences between the values will allow alteration of theory or experimental design. Similarly, the strength, melt flow, and other properties of a polymer sample may be dependent on MW and MWD. Determinations of MW and MWD are used for quality control of polymers.
Limitations—Because of the need for specific calibration of the polymer type under study, and because of the specific nature of polymer/solvent/column-packing interactions, this test method is valid only for polystyrene and non-exclusion effects are to be avoided. However, many of the principles of the method may be applied in generating HPSEC methods for other polymer systems, for example, using the principles of universal calibration. (see Practice D 3016).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of molecular weight (MW) averages and the distribution of molecular weights for linear, soluble polystyrene by liquid high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). This test method is not absolute and requires the use of commercially available narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) polystyrene standards for calibration. This test method is applicable for samples containing molecular weight components that have elution volumes falling within the elution volume range defined by polystyrene standards (that is, molecular weights generally from 2000 to 2 000 000 gmol1).
1.2 The HPSEC is differentiated from traditional size-exclusion chromatography SEC (also referred to as gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) in that the number of theoretical plates per metre with an HPSEC system is about ten times greater than that for traditional SEC (see Terminology D 883 and Practice D 3016). The HPSEC systems employ low-volume liquid chromatography components and columns packed with relatively small (generally 3 to 20 m) microporous particles. High-performance liquid chromatography instrumentation and automated data handling systems for data acquisition and processing are required.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .Note 1
There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
13.300 - Protection against dangerous goods
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.70 - Analytical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5296-97 - Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6474-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Molecular Weight Distribution and Molecular Weight Averages of Polyolefins by High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6666-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2902-16e1 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Absorbable Polymeric Implants
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2579-18 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Poly(lactide) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2313-18 - Standard Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F451-21 - Standard Specification for Acrylic Bone Cement
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3384-21 - Standard Specification for Polydioxanone Polymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2150-19 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D5296-05 - Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion ChromatographyASTM D5296-05 - Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography
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ASTM D5296-05 - Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5296–05
Standard Test Method for
Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight
Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-
1
Exclusion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the determination of molecular 2.1 ASTM Standards:
weight (MW) averages and the distribution of molecular D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
weights for linear, soluble polystyrene by liquid high- D2857 Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). This D3016 Practice for Use of Liquid Exclusion Chromatogra-
test method is not absolute and requires the use of commer- phy Terms and Relationships
cially available narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) E685 Practice for Testing Fixed-Wavelength Photometric
polystyrene standards for calibration. This test method is Detectors Used in Liquid Chromatography
applicable for samples containing molecular weight compo- E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
nents that have elution volumes falling within the elution Determine the Precision of a Test Method
volume range defined by polystyrene standards (that is, mo-
−1
3. Terminology
lecular weights generally from 2000 to 2000000 g·mol ).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
1.2 The HPSEC is differentiated from traditional size-
exclusion chromatography SEC (also referred to as gel perme- ing to plastics used in this test method see Terminology D883.
ation chromatography (GPC)) in that the number of theoretical
4. Summary of Test Method
plates per metre with an HPSEC system is about ten times
4.1 In this test method a dilute solution of a polystyrene
greater than that for traditional SEC (see Terminology D883
2
sample is injected into a liquid mobile phase containing the
and Practice D3016). The HPSEC systems employ low-
samesolventusedtopreparethepolymersolution.Themobile
volume liquid chromatography components and columns
phase transports the polymer into and through a chromato-
packed with relatively small (generally 3 to 20 µm) micropo-
graphic column (or set of columns connected in series) packed
rous particles. High-performance liquid chromatography in-
with a solid or semirigid, porous substrate which separates the
strumentation and automated data handling systems for data
polymer molecules according to their size in solution. Starting
acquisition and processing are required.
frominjection,adetectorcontinuouslymonitorstheeluateasa
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
function of elution volume (or time). Upon emerging from the
standard.
column(s), the size-separated molecules are detected and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recordedaccordingtotheirconcentration.Throughcalibration,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the elution volumes (or times) are converted to molecular
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
weights, and various molecular weight parameters for the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
samplearecalculatedfromthemolecularweight/concentration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
data.
tionary statements are given in Section 9.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 General Utility—The molecular weight (MW) and mo-
lecular weight distribution (MWD) are fundamental character-
1
istics of a polymer sample. They may be used for a wide
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally
3
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D5296-97. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D5296-05. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Seealso AMD Bibliography and Bibliography SupplementsAMD 40-S1, 40-S2, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and 40-S3 on Size Exclusion Chromatography,availablefromASTMHeadquarters. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D5296–05
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ASTM D5296-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polystyrene by High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General Utility—The molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) are fundamental characteristics of a polymer sample. They are used for a wide variety of correlations for fundamental studies, processing, or product applications. For example, the observed MWD is compared to one predicted from assumed kinetics or mechanisms for a polymerization reaction. Differences between the values will allow alteration of theory or experimental design. Similarly, the strength, melt flow, and other properties of a polymer sample usually are dependent on MW and MWD. Determinations of MW and MWD are used for quality control of polymers.  
5.2 Limitations—Because of the need for specific calibration of the polymer type under study, and because of the specific nature of polymer/solvent/column-packing interactions, this test method is valid only for polystyrene and non-exclusion effects are to be avoided. However, many of the principles of the method have been applied in generating HPSEC methods for other polymer systems, for example, using the principles of universal calibration. (see Practice D3016).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of molecular weight (MW) averages and the distribution of molecular weights for linear, soluble polystyrene by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). This test method is not absolute and requires the use of commercially available narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) polystyrene standards for calibration. This test method is applicable for samples containing molecular weight components that have elution volumes falling within the elution volume range defined by polystyrene standards (that is, molecular weights generally from 2000 to 2 000 000 g·mol−1).  
1.2 The HPSEC is differentiated from traditional size-exclusion chromatography SEC (also referred to as gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) in that the number of theoretical plates per metre with an HPSEC system is at least ten times greater than that for traditional SEC (see Terminology D883 and Practice D3016).2 The HPSEC systems employ low-volume liquid chromatography components and columns packed with relatively small (generally 3 to 20 μm) microporous particles. High-performance liquid chromatography instrumentation and automated data handling systems for data acquisition and processing are required.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBC designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing hydrostatic pressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) designs as required by the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
1.2 This guide focuses on composite and rigid plastic IBCs and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type.  
1.3 This guide provides information to help clarify various terms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certification process that may assist in determining the applicable test.  
1.4 This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting pressure testing.  
1.5 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.  
1.6 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR 178.814.  
1.7 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR 172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.8 Units—”The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The LFL and UFL of gases and vapors define the range of flammable concentrations in air.  
5.2 This method measures the LFL and UFL for upward (and partially outward) flame propagation. The limits for downward flame propagation are narrower.  
5.3 Limits of flammability may be used to determine guidelines for the safe handling of volatile chemicals. They are used particularly in assessing ventilation requirements for the handling of gases and vapors. NFPA 69 provides guidance for the practical use of flammability limit data, including the appropriate safety margins to use.  
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Note 2: For hydrocarbons, the break point between nonflammability and flammability occurs over a narrow concentration range at the lower flammability limit, but the break point is less distinct at the upper limit. For materials found to be non-reproducible per 13.1.1 that are likely to have large quenching distances and may be difficult to ignite, such as ammonia and certain halogenated hydrocarbon, the lower and upper limits of these materials may both be less distinct. That is, a wider range exists between flammable and nonflammable concentrations (see Annex A1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature. This test method may be used to determine these limits in the presence of inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air should be used.  
Note 1: The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) are sometimes referred to as the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL), respectively. However, since the terms LEL and UEL are also used to denote concentrations other than the limits defined in this test method, one must examine the definitions closely when LEL and UEL values are reported or used.  
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1.3 Annex A1 provides a modified test method for materials (such as certain amines, halogenated materials, and the like) with large quenching distances which may be difficult to ignite.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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1.5 This standard deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness for purpose of the materials tested.  
1.6 The sections appear in the following order:    
Section  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Definitions  
3.1  
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard  
3.2  
Symbols  
3.3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Interferences  
6  
Apparatus  
7  
Sampling  
8  
Test Specimens  
9  
Specimen Preparation  
10  
Calibration  
11  
Procedure:  
Semiautomatic Digitizing Tablet  
12  
Intercept Lengths  
12.3  
Intercept and Intersection Counts  
12.4  
Grain Counts  
12.5  
Grain Areas  
12.6  
ALA Grain Size  
12.6.1  
Two-Phase Grain Structures  
12.7  
Procedure:  
Automatic Image Analysis  
13  
Grain Boundary Length  
13.5  
Intersection Counts  
13.6  
Mean Chord (Intercept) Length/Field  
13.7.2  
Individual Chord (Intercept) Lengths  
13.7.4  
Grain Counts  
13.8  
Mean Grain Area/Field  
13.9  
Individual Grain Areas  
13.9.4  
ALA Grain Size  
13.9.8  
Two-Phase Grain Structures  
13.10  
Calculation of Results  
14  
Test Report  
15  
Precision and Bias  
16  
Grain Size of Non-Equiaxed Grain Structure Specimens  
Annex A1  
Examples of Proper and Improper Grain Boundary Delineation  
Annex A2  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the threshold-limit conditions to allow equilibrium of combustion of materials in various oxidant gases under specific test conditions of pressure, temperature, flow condition, fire-propagation directions, and various other geometrical features of common systems.  
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Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.  
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.  
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.  
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).4  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.  
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1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Guide  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Hazards  
7  
Apparatus  
6  
Facilities  
6.1  
Construction Materials  
6.2  
Metering System  
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Test Chambers  
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Cleaning  
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Acceptability  
6.6  
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8  
Requirements  
8.1  
Source  
8.2  
Treatment  
8.3  
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3.1 Systematic surveys provide data on shoreline, lakeshore, river bank or other terrain’s character and oiling conditions from which informed planning and operational decisions can be developed with respect to cleanup (1-4).3 In particular, the data are used by decision makers to determine which oiled areas require treatment and to develop end-point criteria for use as targets for the field operations.  
3.2 Surveys may include one or more of four components or phases, as listed below. The scale of an affected area plus quantity and availability of pre-spill information will influence the selection of survey components and its level of detail.  
3.2.1 The aerial reconnaissance survey phase provides a perspective on the overall extent and general nature of the oiling conditions. This information is used in conjunction with environmental, resource, and cultural sensitivity data to guide shoreline protection, recovery of mobile oil, and to facilitate the more detailed response planning and priorities of the response operations.  
3.2.2 The aerial video survey(s) phase provides systematic audio and video documentation of the extent and type of oiling conditions, physical character, and logistics information, such as access and staging data.  
3.2.3 The ground assessment survey(s) phase provides the necessary information and data to develop appropriate response recommendations. A field team(s) collects detailed information on oil conditions, the physical and ecological character of oiled areas, and resources or cultural features that may affect or be affected by the timing or implementation of response activities.  
3.2.4 The post-treatment inspection ground survey or monitoring phase provides the necessary information and data to ensure a segment, that is part of the response program, has been treated to the approved end-point criterion. (5)  
3.3 In order to ensure data consistency, it is important to use standardized terminology and definitions in describing oi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers field procedures by which data can be collected in a systematic manner to document and assess the oiling conditions on shorelines, river banks, and lake shores (shores and substrates) plus dry land habitats (terrain).  
1.2 This guide does not address the terminology that is used to define and describe terrain oiling conditions, the ecological character of oiled terrain, or the cultural or other resources that can be present.  
1.3 The guide is applicable to marine coasts (including estuaries) and to freshwater environments (rivers and lakes) and to dry land habitats. In alignment with Guide F2204:  
1.3.1 For the purpose of this guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake shores will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or shore-zones.  
1.3.2 Shore types include a range of impermeable (bedrock, ice, and manmade structures), permeable (flats, beaches, and manmade), and coastal wetland (marshes, mangroves) habitats.  
1.4 Other non-shoreline, inland habitats include wetlands (pond, fen, bog, swamp, tundra, and shrub) and drier terrains (grassland, desert, forests), and will be collectively referred to as either wetlands or terrains, respectively.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barr...

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ASTM
ASTM F1687-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oiling Conditions on Shorelines and Other Terrain

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In order to ensure data consistency, it is important to use standardized terminology and definitions in describing oiling conditions (1)3. This guide provides a template for that purpose.  
4.2 Data on oiling conditions at a shoreline are needed to provide an accurate perspective of the nature and scale of the oiling problem and to facilitate spill-response planning and decision making. Data on oiling conditions would be used in assessing the need for cleanup actions, selecting the most appropriate response technique(s), determining priorities for cleanup, and evaluating the endpoint of cleanup activities.(2-3)  
4.3 Mechanisms by which data are collected can vary (see Guide F1686). They can include aerial video surveys or ground-level assessment surveys. The composition and responsibility of the survey team will depend on the response organization and objectives. The magnitude and type of data sets collected can likewise vary with the nature of the spill and operational needs.  
4.4 Consistent data sets (observations and measurements) on shoreline oiling conditions are essential within any one spill in order to compare the data between different sites or observers, and to compare the data against existing benchmarks or criteria that have been developed to rate the nature or severity of the oiling. To the extent possible, consistency is also desirable between different spills, in order to benefit from previous experiences and cleanup decisions.  
4.5 It is recognized that some modifications may be appropriate based on local or regional geographic conditions or upon the specific character of the stranded oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the standardized terminology and types of observational data and indices appropriate to describe the quantity, nature, and distribution of oil and physical oiling conditions on shorelines that have been contaminated by an oil spill.  
1.2 This guide does not address the mechanisms and field procedures by which the necessary data are gathered; nor does it address terminology used to describe the cultural resource or ecological character of oiled shorelines, spill monitoring, or cleanup techniques.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2664-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Methanol Wall Wash of Marine Vessels Handling Polyester Grade Monoethylene Glycol

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methanol wall wash practice is performed to determine the cleanliness and suitability of cargo tanks or compartments on a marine vessel prior to loading polyester grade monoethylene glycol. Polyester grade monoethylene glycol has very high quality requirements and must be handled with care, as it is adversely affected by oxygen, hydrocarbons, water, and chloride. It is especially susceptible to aromatic contamination, which degrades UV transmittance. Possible sources of contamination are the prior cargoes and cleaning agents. The methanol wall wash procedure provides a representative sampling of the impurities and contamination present on the sides of the cargo tank.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the methanol wall wash procedure for cargo tanks of marine vessels handling polyester grade monoethylene glycol.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2230-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Thermal Qualification of Type B Packages for Radioactive Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The major objective of this practice is to provide a common reference document for both applicants and certification authorities on the accepted practices for accomplishing package thermal qualification. Details and methods for accomplishing qualification are described in this document in more specific detail than available in the regulations. Methods that have been shown by experience to lead to successful qualification are emphasized. Possible problems and pitfalls that lead to unsatisfactory results are also described.  
5.2 The work described in this standard practice shall be done under a quality assurance program that is accepted by the regulatory authority that certifies the package for use. For packages certified in the United States, 10 CFR 71 Subpart H shall be used as the basis for the quality assurance (QA) program, while for international certification, ISO 9000 usually defines the appropriate program. The quality assurance program shall be in place and functioning prior to the initiation of any physical or analytical testing activities and prior to submittal of any information to the certifying authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines detailed methods for thermal qualification of “Type B” radioactive materials packages under Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 71 (10CFR71) in the United States or, under International Atomic Energy Agency Regulation SSR-6. Under these regulations, packages transporting what are designated to be Type B quantities of radioactive material shall be demonstrated to be capable of withstanding a sequence of hypothetical accidents without significant release of contents.  
1.2 The unit system (SI metric or English) used for thermal qualification shall be agreed upon prior to submission of information to the certification authority. If SI units are to be standard, then use IEEE/ASTM SI-10. Additional units given in parentheses are for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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