ASTM C14M-20

Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonreinforced concrete sewer, storm drain, and culvert pipe. The pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. The strength requirements for nonreinforced concrete pipe are specified. The concrete shall consist of cementitious material, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. The design of the pipe may be according to design tables or modified or special design. The following are the processes for pipe manufacturing: mixture; curing such as pipe curing, water curing, and membrane curing; and specials like shapes or fittings and fabricated branches. The following tests shall be made: strength test, absorption test, permeability test, and hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C14.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection at the construction site.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2020
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.01 - Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C14M-15a - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-24 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM C497M-20a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM C497M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM C497M-19a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM C443M-19a - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM C309-19 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM C443M-19 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM C150/C150M-19 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497M-19 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497M-18 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM C822-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-17 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C618-17 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C443M-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Overview

ASTM C14M-20: Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric) establishes the requirements for nonreinforced concrete pipe used in infrastructure applications such as sewage conveyance, stormwater management, and culverts. Developed by ASTM International, this specification is the metric counterpart to ASTM C14 and is widely recognized by governmental and industry bodies. It sets guidelines for the materials, manufacturing processes, testing, and acceptance criteria for these concrete pipes, ensuring a reliable standard for manufacturers and project owners globally.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application:

  • Covers nonreinforced concrete pipes for sewage, industrial waste, stormwater drainage, and culverts.
  • Applies exclusively to metric units.

• Pipe Classes:

  • Three strength classes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3.
  • Each class has specified minimum wall thickness and strength requirements.

• Materials Used:

  • Cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, optional admixtures, and water.
  • Permitted cementitious components include portland cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and approved combinations.
  • Aggregates must conform to referenced ASTM standards for consistency and durability.

• Manufacturing and Curing:

  • Pipes are manufactured through processes designed to meet mixture and curing criteria.
  • Curing methods include steam curing, water curing, or membrane curing, or approved alternates.

• Physical Requirements and Testing:

  • Pipes must meet strength, absorption, permeability, and (optionally) hydrostatic test requirements.
  • Dimensions, wall thickness, and quality are controlled per the standard for both typical and special pipe shapes or fittings.

• Inspection and Marking:

  • Inspection is performed at manufacturing and/or delivery locations.
  • Each pipe is marked with class, specification, date of manufacture, manufacturer’s details, and plant identification.

Applications

• Sewage Systems:
  Nonreinforced concrete pipe produced to ASTM C14M-20 is used extensively for gravity sewer lines conveying municipal and industrial waste.

• Storm Drains:
  Stormwater management relies on these pipes to carry runoff from urban, suburban, and infrastructure sites, reducing flood risks.

• Culvert Construction:
  The standard supports culvert use under roads, railways, and embankments, providing structural integrity for water passageways.

• Industrial Waste Conveyance:
  Offers solutions for sites needing to move non-hazardous process water or effluent away from source facilities.

Users such as civil engineers, municipal specifiers, contractors, and precast concrete manufacturers benefit from the defined material requirements and rigorous testing approaches, promoting reliability and predictable performance.

Related Standards

• ASTM C14: Imperial (inch-pound) counterpart for nonreinforced concrete sewer, storm drain, and culvert pipe.
• ASTM C33/C33M: Specifies requirements for concrete aggregates.
• ASTM C150/C150M & C595/C595M: Standards for portland cement and blended hydraulic cements.
• ASTM C443M: Specifications for joints for concrete pipe and rubber gaskets.
• ASTM C497M: Test methods for concrete pipe sections.
• ASTM C618 & C989: Standards for fly ash and slag cement used in concrete.
• ASTM C822: Terminology relating to concrete pipe.

These related ASTM standards support material quality, testing consistency, and compatibility across projects involving nonreinforced concrete infrastructure pipe.

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By adhering to ASTM C14M-20, stakeholders in civil engineering and public works can specify, manufacture, and procure nonreinforced concrete pipe products that comply with internationally recognized performance and quality benchmarks - a critical foundation for lasting infrastructure.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C14M −20
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope pounds for Curing Concrete
C443MSpecification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
Concrete
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-
C497MTest Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
cation C14.
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595MSpecification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
standard.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
Products
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
C989/C989MSpecification for Slag Cement for Use in
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
Concrete and Mortars
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
C1017/C1017MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or
C1116/C1116MSpecification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
require inspection at the construction site.
C1602/C1602MSpecification for Mixing Water Used in the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—For
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C822.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall
C33/C33MSpecification for Concrete Aggregates
be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
Concrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and
C260/C260MSpecification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding
for Concrete
C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com- strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
5. Basis of Acceptance
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
resultsofthetestprescribedinthissection,whenrequired,and
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C14M–15a. DOI:
specification as to design and freedom from defects.
10.1520/C0014M-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements as prescribed in 10.2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14M−20
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated
Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, mm
Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/
mm linear m mm linear m mm linear m
100 16 22.0 19 29.0 19 35.0
150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0
200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0
250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0
300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0
375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0
450 38 32.0 50 44.0 57 48.0
525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0
600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0
675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0
750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5
825 94 46.0 113 64.0 113 71.0
900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0
A
Subject to tolerance in Section 11.
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be 6.2.4.8 Acombination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly
acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the ash.
requirements as prescribed in 10.3.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipeshallbe C33/C33M, except that the requirement for gradation shall not
acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the apply.
requirements as prescribed in 10.4.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
allowable:
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the
hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.5 instead of the permeability test.
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
C260/C260M;
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
C494/C494M;
requirements as prescribed in 10.5.
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
6. Materials
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and non-synthetic fibers shall
beallowedtobeused,atthemanufacturer’soption,inconcrete
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
pipeasanonstructuralmanufacturingmaterial.Syntheticfibers
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
(Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I)
for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
designedandmanufacturedspecificallyforuseinconcreteand
portlandblast-furnaceslagcement,portland-limestonecement,
conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/
or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements
C1116M shall be accepted.
of Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-
stitutient in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
ash.
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Flyashshallconformtotherequirementsof
Specification C1602/C1602M.
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
7. Design
quirementsofGrade100or120ofSpecificationC989/C989M.
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accor-
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than
Thecombinationofcementitiousmaterialsusedintheconcrete
the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein
shall be one of the following:
specified and by the provision for modified design.
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall sub-
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
thicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
are specified by the owner.
limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
8. Joints
limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland- 8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid
C14M−20
together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the 10. Physical Requirements
permissible variations given in Section 11.
10.1 Test Specimen—The specified number of pipe required
forthetestsshallbefurnishedbythemanufacturerandshallbe
9. Manufacture
selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would
nototherwiseberejectedunderthisspecification.Theselection
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner
proportioned,andmixedwithsuchproportionsofcementitious
when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from
materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
allvisiblemoisture.Whendry,eachpipeshallbemeasuredand
oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will
inspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.
conform to the test and design requirements of this specifica-
10.1.1 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required for
tion. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials
Small Orders—Small orders are those that consist of less than
ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials
100piecesofeachsizeandclassofpipe.Theownerofsuchan
shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a
order shall be entitled to copies of test reports as are routinely
proportion not less than 280 kg/m unless mix designs with a
performed on the particular lot, as required by the type and
lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the
basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5. A lot
quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of
shall include up to five consecutive days of production, or 100
this specification.
pieces, whichever is greater, provided the process and mix
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
design is not altered in any way between production days.
methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any
10.1.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required for
other method or combination of methods approved by the
Large Orders—The manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe
owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
for crushing and absorption tests, up to 0.5% of the number of
adequatelycuredtoobtainthestrengthpropertiesasprescribed
pipe of each size included in the order, except that in no case
in 5.2.
shall less than two pipe be furnished. For the permeability test,
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
2% of the number of pipe of each size included in the order,
chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist but in no case less than two pip
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C14M − 15a C14M − 20
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes,
storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C14.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this
product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction
specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection
at the construction site.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this
product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction
specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection
at the construction site.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015May 1, 2020. Published October 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
C14M – 15.C14M – 15a. DOI: 10.1520/C0014M-15A.10.1520/C0014M-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14M − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete
Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strength
requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and by
inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements
as prescribed in 10.310.2.
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.410.3.
5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.510.4.
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.610.5 instead of the permeability test.
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.610.5.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constitutient in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated
Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, mm
Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/ Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, kN/
mm linear m mm linear m mm linear m
100 16 22.0 19 29.0 19 35.0
150 16 22.0 19 29.0 22 35.0
200 19 22.0 22 29.0 29 35.0
250 22 23.5 25 29.0 32 35.0
300 25 26.5 35 33.0 44 38.0
375 32 29.0 41 38.0 47 42.0
450 38 32.0 50 44.0 57 48.0
525 44 35.0 57 48.0 69 56.0
600 54 38.0 75 52.5 85 64.0
675 82 41.0 94 57.5 94 67.0
750 88 44.0 107 63.0 107 69.5
825 94 46.0 113 64.0 113 71.0
900 100 48.0 119 65.5 119 73.0
A
Subject to tolerance in Section 11.
C14M − 20
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirement for gradation shall not
apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and non-synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than the value
shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall submit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknesses
other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified by
the owner.
8. Joints
8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid together
to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.
9. Manufacture
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,
water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and
design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.
Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m unless
mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the
requirements of this specification.
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any other method
or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured to obtain
the strength properties as prescribed in 5.2.
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere
maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength
requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe.
9.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe shall be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforated
pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified
curing period.
9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specified
strength is attained.
9.2.4 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited from
being applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within
6°C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp
when the compound is applied.
9.3 Specials:
9.3.1 General Requirements—Special shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe
conforming to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internal
diameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.
9.3.2 Fabricated Branches—Fabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in such a
manner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe.
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