ASTM D5117-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
SCOPE
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method is a means of evaluating solid fiberglass reinforced pultruded rock stock for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at a given time.
Note 1-The specimen's cross-section may reflect delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all three. Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant, penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
Note 2- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5117 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope rated in a fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of
4. Summary of Test Method
evaluating solid fiberglass reinforced pultruded rock stock for
4.1 Pultruded rock stock of circular cross-section is tested
longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms
by placing the specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a
that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at
specified depth and observing the wicking action as spots, or
a given time.
dots, on the opposite, dry face.
NOTE 1—The specimen’s cross-section may reflect delaminations,
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen
longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all
is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
three. Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests
pathways in the composite. These pathways are typically
are usually required.
occupied by air and can be caused by continuous voids, cracks,
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen
or hollow fibers, or all three, in the reinforcement.
type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant,
penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to
5. Significance and Use
establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
increased current leakage.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there
statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are
virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow
2. Referenced Documents
fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measuring the extent of flaws in a composite over very short
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 3918 Definitions of Terms Relating to Reinforced Plastic lengths of material. The presence of wicking over 1 in. lengths
may not necessarily imply that the composite will perform
Pultruded Products
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to unsatisfactorily for its intended end-use. Therefore, interpreta-
tion of test results should be made with care.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.4 This test method was developed as a technique for
3. Terminology
estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod stock,
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard: which is a composite of resin and reinforcement. The process
3.1.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to may also affect the quality of the product. It should be useful
pressure differential or capillary action along fibers incorpo- for a manufacturer in determining whether any gross changes
in quality have taken place due to process or raw material
changes.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
5.5 Since the results of this test are so sensitive to sample
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
size, penetrant type, penetrant used, viscosity, duration of test,
ting Plastics.
and other factors, no attempt to arrive at or recommend
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published May 1997. Originally
published as D 5117 – 90. Last previous edition D 5117 – 90.
development of a specification for these materials has been
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
made. It is suggested that such a specification should be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
4 negotiated between supplier and end user.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5117
6. Apparatus the specimens. This material aids in properly wetting the
5 bottom surface of the specimen and reduces possible problems
6.1 Dye Penetrant
associated with air entrapment.
6.2 Ultraviolet Light Source—The penetrant used is fluo-
10.3 Add sufficient dye to the pan such that the specimens
rescent, and requires a black lamp light source.
will be immersed to a depth of ⁄8 in. while resting on the
6.3 Dark Room—An area for viewing the presence of
sponge. This depth should be predetermined with an extra
fluorescent spots on the test specimens is required.
piece of rod stock.
6.4 Hood—There is a need to provide adequate air ventila-
tion for the elimination of any annoying vapors from the
NOTE 3—Caution: Avoid hand contact with the penetrant to preclude
penetrant. These vapors are nontoxic, but could be an irritant.
possible contamination of the specimens during handling. Wash hands
6.5 Shallow Pan, for holding the penetrant is required. A
thoroughly before proceeding, should contact with the penetrant occur.
thin, spongy material that can be placed in the pan and upon
10.4 Place each specimen on end in the penetrant to the
which the specimens may rest is recommended.
depth specified in 10.3 and staggered from the rest of the
6.6 Stop Watch, or other means for timing the length of the
group. The actual time of immersion for each shall be recorded
test is required.
if more than six specimens are to be tested at one time.
6.7 Magnifying Glass,53, recommended for identifying
Otherwise, all specimens shall be considered to be immersed at
very small fluorescent specks, or dots, on the specimen’s upper
the same time. When more than six specimens are tested, an
face. It is not regarded as essential.
interval of 30 s between the respective immersions shall be
observed. For example, if a group of nine specimens were to
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