ASTM D5117-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for establishing the integrity of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and increased current leakage.
A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
This test method is intended to provide a tool for measuring the extent of flaws in a composite over very short lengths of material. The presence of wicking over 1 in. [2.54 cm] lengths may not necessarily imply that the composite will perform unsatisfactorily for its intended end-use. Therefore, interpretation of test results should be made with care.
This test method was developed as a technique for estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod stock, which is a composite of resin and reinforcement. The process may also affect the quality of the product. It should be useful for a manufacturer in determining whether any gross changes in quality have taken place due to process or raw material changes.
Since the results of this test are so sensitive to sample size, penetrant type, penetrant used, viscosity, duration of test, and other factors, no attempt to arrive at or recommend development of a specification for these materials has been made. It is suggested that such a specification should be negotiated between supplier and end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of evaluating solid fiberglass reinforced pultruded rod stock for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at a given time.
Note 1—The specimen's cross-section may reflect delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all three. Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant, penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5117–03
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
1
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of
evaluating solid fiberglass reinforced pultruded rod stock for
3. Terminology
longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at
3.1.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to
a given time.
pressure differential or capillary action along fibers incorpo-
NOTE 1—The specimen’s cross-section may reflect delaminations,
rated in a fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all
three. Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests
4. Summary of Test Method
are usually required.
4.1 Pultruded rod stock of circular cross-section is tested by
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen
placing the specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a
type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant,
specified depth and observing the wicking action as spots, or
penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to
dots, on the opposite, dry face.
establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
pathways in the composite. These pathways are typically
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
occupied by air and can be caused by continuous voids, cracks,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
or hollow fibers, or all three, in the reinforcement.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard. 5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
increased current leakage.
statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there
would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in
2. Referenced Documents
the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow
2
fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool for
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
measuring the extent of flaws in a composite over very short
D 3918 Definitions of Terms Relating to Reinforced Plastic
lengths of material. The presence of wicking over 1 in. [2.54
Pultruded Products
cm] lengths may not necessarily imply that the composite will
perform unsatisfactorily for its intended end-use. Therefore,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
interpretation of test results should be made with care.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
5.4 This test method was developed as a technique for
ting Plastics.
Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally
estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod stock,
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 5117 - 96.
which is a composite of resin and reinforcement. The process
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.