ASTM E650-97(2002)e1

Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors

SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidelines for mounting piezoelectric acoustic emission (AE) sensors.  
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1997
• ICS: 17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E650-97 - Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Replaced By: ASTM E650-97(2007) - Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F1430/F1430M-20 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1932-12(2022) - Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Small Parts
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1419/E1419M-15a(2020) - Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1211/E1211M-17 - Standard Practice for Leak Detection and Location Using Surface-Mounted Acoustic Emission Sensors
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1118/E1118M-16(2020) - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E2984/E2984M-21 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of High Pressure, Low Carbon, Forged Piping using Controlled Hydrostatic Pressurization
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F1797-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Digger Derricks
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E2191/E2191M-16 - Standard Practice for Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1930/E1930M-17 - Standard Practice for Examination of Liquid-Filled Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Metal Storage Tanks Using Acoustic Emission
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1139/E1139M-17 - Standard Practice for Continuous Monitoring of Acoustic Emission from Metal Pressure Boundaries
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E2598/E2598M-21 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E2907/E2907M-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Examination of Paper Machine Rolls Using Acoustic Emission from Crack Face Rubbing
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:E650–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorially replaced the term “test” with “examination” where applicable in June 2002.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This document provides guidelines for mounting piezo- 4.1 The methods and procedures used in mounting AE
electric acoustic emission (AE) sensors. sensors can have significant effects upon the performance of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the those sensors. Optimum and reproducible detection of AE
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the requires both appropriate sensor-mounting fixtures and consis-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tent sensor-mounting procedures.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Mounting Methods
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The purpose of the mounting method is to hold the
2. Referenced Documents
sensor in a fixed position on a structure and to ensure that the
2.1 ASTM Standards: acoustic coupling between the sensor and the structure is both
E 976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility ofAcous- adequate and constant. Mounting methods will generally fall
tic Emission Sensor Response into one of the following categories:
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 5.1.1 Compression Mounts—The compression mount holds
the sensor in intimate contact with the surface of the structure
3. Terminology
through the use of force. This force is generally supplied by
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: springs, torqued-screw threads, magnets, tape, or elastic bands.
3.1.1 bonding agent—a couplant that physically attaches
The use of a couplant is strongly advised with a compression
the sensor to the structure. mount to maximize the transmission of acoustic energy
3.1.2 couplant—a material used at the structure-to-sensor through the sensor-structure interface.
interface to improve the transfer of acoustic energy across the
5.1.2 Bonding—The sensor may be attached directly to the
interface. structure with a suitable adhesive. In this method, the adhesive
3.1.3 mounting fixture—a device that holds the sensor in
acts as the couplant. The adhesive must be compatible with the
place on the structure to be monitored. structure, the sensor, the environment, and the examination
3.1.4 sensor—a detection device that transforms the particle
procedure.
motion produced by an elastic wave into an electrical signal.
6. Mounting Requirements
3.1.5 waveguide, acoustic—a device that couples acoustic
energy from a structure to a remotely mounted sensor. For 6.1 Sensor Selection—The correct sensors should be chosen
example,asolidwireorrod,coupledtoasensoratoneendand to optimally accomplish the acoustic-emission examination
to the structure at the other. objective. Sensor parameters to be considered are as follows:
3.2 Definitions: size, sensitivity, frequency response, surface-motion response,
3.2.1 For definitions of additional terms relating to acoustic and environmental and material compatibility. When a multi-
emission, refer to Terminology E 1316. channel acoustic-emission examination is being conducted, a
subset of sensors with characteristics similar to each other
should be selected. See Guide E 976 for methods of comparing
sensor characteristics.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic
6.2 Structure Preparation—The contacting surfaces should
Emission.
be cleaned and mechanically prepared. This will enhance the
Current edition approved December 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Origi-
e1 detection of the desired acoustic waves by assuring reliable
nally published as E 650 – 85. Last previous edition E 650 – 85 (1992) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. couplingoftheacousticenergyfromthestructuretothesensor.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
E650–97 (2002)
Preparation of these surfaces must be compatible with the 6.4 Mounting Fixture Selection:
constructionmaterialsusedinboththesensorandthestructure. 6.4.1 Mounting fixtures must be constructed so that they do
Possible losses in acoustic energy transmission caused by not create extraneous acoustic emission or mask valid acoustic
coatings such as paint, encapsulants, loose-mill scale, weld emission generated in the structure being monitored.
spatter, and oxides as well as losses due to surface curvature at 6.4.1.1 The mount must not contain any loose parts of
the contact area must be considered. particles.
6.4.1.2 Permanent mounting may require special techniques
6.3 Couplant or Bonding Agent Selection:
to prevent sensor movement caused by environmental changes.
6.3.1 The type of couplant or bonding agent should be
6.4.1.3 Detection of surface waves may be suppressed if the
selected with appropriate consideration for the effects of the
sensor is enclosed by a welded-on fixture or located at the
environment (for example, temperature, pressure, composition
bottom of a threaded hole.The mounting fixture should always
of gas, or liquid environment) on the couplant and the
be designed so that it does not block out a significant amount
constraints of the application. It should be chemically compat-
of acoustic energy from any direction of interest.
ible with the structure and not be a possible cause of corrosion.
6.4.2 The mounting fixture should provide support for the
In some cases, it may be a requirement that the couplant be
signal cable to prevent the cable from stressing the sensor or
completely removable from the surface after examination. In
the electrical connectors. In the absence of a mounting fixture,
general, the selection of the couplant is as important from an
someformofcablesupportshouldbeprovided.Careshouldbe
environmental standpoint as it is from the acoustical stand-
taken to ensure that the cable can neither vibrate nor be moved
p
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