ASTM D5862-99a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a two-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly cylinder liner scuffing and piston ring face distress, but also including port plugging, slipper bushing, and piston skirt distress. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 6V92TA test. (See Note 1.) Note 1-Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for specification requirements are discussed in Engine Oil tests-SAE J304.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Notes 2 through 11.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus--General Description 6 Apparatus--Laboratory and Test Stand Requirements 7 Apparatus--Test Engine 8 Test Engine 8.1 Engine Parts 8.2 Special Cleaning Procedures 8.3 Periodic Maintenance Inspections 8.4 Engine Build-up Procedures 8.5 Measurement Instrumentation 9 Temperatures 9.1 Pressures 9.2 Reagents and Materials 10 Test Fuel 10.1 Test Oil 10.2 Coolant 10.3 Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds 10.4 Hazards 11 Laboratory and Test Stand Calibration 12 Test Procedure 13 Pre-Test Procedure 13.1 Engine Operating Procedure 13.2 Periodic Measurements and Functions 13.3 Diagnostic Data Review 13.4 End of Test Procedure 13.5 Interpretation of Test Results 14 Parts Rating Area--Environment 14.1 Piston Rings 14.2 Cylinder Liner 14.3 Piston Pin Slipper Bushing 14.4 Rocker Arm Bushing 14.6 Referee Rating 14.7 Preparation of Report 15 Test Numbering 15.1 Operational Data 15.2 Photographs 15.3 Electronic Transmission of Test Results 15.4 Precision and Bias 16 Keywords 17 Annexes ASTM Test Monitoring Center A1. Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus A2. Engine Part Number Listing A3. Test Fuel Analysis A4. Report Forms A5. Data Dictionary A6. Appendixes Oil Producers Affidavit X1. English to Metric Conversion for the 6V92TA Test X2. Engine Build-up Forms X3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 5862 – 99a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle
Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance.
However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an assessment of the
test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By this means, the laboratory will
know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other
laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement, in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method. (See Annex A1.)
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
1.1 This test method describes a two-stroke cycle diesel
statements are given in Section 8, Section 10, Section 13, and
engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain
Section 14.
high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly cyl-
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
inder liner scuffing and piston ring face distress, but also
are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated
including port plugging, slipper bushing, and piston skirt
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each
distress. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and
system must be used independently of the other, without
multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is
combining values in any way.
commonly known as the 6V92TA test. (See Note 1.)
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil
Section
performance characteristics for specification requirements are discussed in
Scope 1
Engine Oil tests—SAE J304.
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Summary of Test Method 4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus—General Description 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Apparatus—Laboratory and Test Stand Requirements 7
Apparatus—Test Engine 8
Test Engine 8.1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Engine Parts 8.2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Special Cleaning Procedures 8.3
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Periodic Maintenance Inspections 8.4
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published January 2000. Originally Engine Build-up Procedures 8.5
published as D 5862 – 95. Last previous edition D 5862 – 99. Measurement Instrumentation 9
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Temperatures 9.1
Pressures 9.2
This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and memoranda issued by
Reagents and Materials 10
the TMC. Users of this test method shall contact the TMC to obtain the most recent
Test Fuel 10.1
of these. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No.
Test Oil 10.2
99–2.
3 Coolant 10.3
This standard is not available separately; see Footnote 10. Other information
Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds 10.4
about Test Method D 5862 can be found in the ASTM Research Report RR:
Hazards 11
D02-1319, available from ASTM Headquarters.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5862 – 99a
Metals, Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
Laboratory and Test Stand Calibration 12
Test Procedure 13
ing Oils by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Pre-Test Procedure 13.1
Spectrometry
Engine Operating Procedure 13.2
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
Periodic Measurements and Functions 13.3
Diagnostic Data Review 13.4
etry
End of Test Procedure 13.5
G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
Interpretation of Test Results 14
2.2 SAE Standards:
Parts Rating Area—Environment 14.1
Piston Rings 14.2
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
Cylinder Liner 14.3
Classification
Piston Pin Slipper Bushing 14.4
Rocker Arm Bushing 14.6 SAE J304 Engine Oil Tests
Referee Rating 14.7
2.3 Military Specifications:
Preparation of Report 15
MIL-L-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine,
Test Numbering 15.1
Operational Data 15.2 Combat/Tactical Service
Photographs 15.3
Electronic Transmission of Test Results 15.4
3. Terminology
Precision and Bias 16
Keywords 17
3.1 Definitions:
Annexes
3.1.1 additive, n—a material added to another, usually in
ASTM Test Monitoring Center A1.
Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus A2. small amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or to
Engine Part Number Listing A3.
suppress undesirable properties. (D 4175)
Test Fuel Analysis A4.
3.1.2 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
Report Forms A5.
Data Dictionary A6. a measuring device with respect to that of a standard.
Appendixes
(E 344)
Oil Producers Affidavit X1.
3.1.3 candidate oil, n—an oil which is intended to have the
English to Metric Conversion for the 6V92TA Test X2.
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
Engine Build-up Forms X3.
and is to be tested against that specification.
2. Referenced Documents
(D 5844)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 corrosion, n—the chemical or electrochemical reac-
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products tion between a material, usually a metal surface and its
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
environment, that can produce a deterioration of the material
Open Cup and its properties. (D 5844)
D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
3.1.5 debris, n—in internal combustion engines, solid con-
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
or resulting from wear.
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method) 3.1.6 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces fricton or wear, or
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
both, between the moving parts within an engine, removes
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
Viscosity)
a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products 3.1.6.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.
X-Ray Spectrometry
3.1.7 free piston ring, n— in internal combustion engines,a
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate piston ring that will fall in its groove under its own weight
Fuels by Centrifuge when the piston, with the ring in a horizontal plane, is turned
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of 90° (putting the ring in a vertical plane).
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography (Subcommittee B Glossary )
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum 3.1.8 heavy-duty, adj— in internal combustion engine op-
Products, and Lubricants eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
D 4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Tem- (D 4485)
perature and High Shear Rate by Tapered Bearing Simu-
lator
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Potentiometric Titration
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
D 5185 Test Method for the Determination of Additive This standard is not available separately. Either order the SAE Handbook Vol
3, or the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Standards Manual HS 23 from: Society of
Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-
0001.
4 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
6 11
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Available from the Secretary of the ASTM D02.B0 Subcommittee.
D 5862 – 99a
3.1.9 heavy-duty engine, n— in internal combustion en- 4.2 The engine is installed on a test stand equipped with the
gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at appropriate accessories for controlling speed, load, and various
or close to its peak output. (D 4485) other engine operating parameters.
3.1.10 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two 4.3 The engine is charged with the test oil and operated for
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between 6 h and 10 min on a break-in cycle. An airbox inspection is
them. made after break-in to determine cylinder liner scuffing as a
3.1.11 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference measure of the suitability of the engine build.
oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi- 4.4 Following the break-in, the engine is operated under
date oil. (D 5844) steady state conditions at both high load and high power for 7
3.1.12 plugging, n—the restriction of a flow path due to the cycles, totaling 100 h running time. Each cycle includes a heat
accumulation of material along the flow path boundaries. soak and cool-down portion. This test stresses the lubricant
3.1.13 reference oil—an oil of known performance charac- thermally and mechanically to duplicate the service typical of
teristics, used as a basis for comparison. (D 5844) these types of engines in use today.
3.1.13.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate 4.5 Used oil samples are taken every 16 h with viscometric
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or characteristics, metals, and base number (TBN) measured on a
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with fixed schedule.
oils. 4.6 At the end of the test, the engine is disassembled, and
3.1.14 scoring, n—in tribology, a severe form of wear the rings, liners, slipper bushings, and piston skirts are visually
characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and inspected for those signs of distress that relate to overall engine
scratches in the direction of sliding. (G 40) life.
3.1.15 scuffıng, n—in lubrication, damage caused by instan-
5. Significance and Use
taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate diesel
which does not result in immobilization of the parts.
(D 4863) engine oils for protection against ring and liner distress caused
by high thermal and mechanical loading.
3.1.16 soot, n—in internal combustion engines, sub-micron
size particles, primarily carbon, created in the combustion 5.2 Liner scuffing and ring distress experienced in this test
method are measures of the oil’s ability to protect against
chamber as products of incomplete combustion.
3.1.17 tight piston ring, n— in internal combustion engines, scuffing and scoring under high power and high load conditions
typical of service experienced by engines in use today.
a piston ring that will not fall in its groove under its own weight
when the piston, with the ring in a horizontal plane, is turned 5.3 Piston pin slipper bushing wear, piston skirt tin removal,
and liner port plugging are also examined in this test for
90° (putting the ring in a vertical plane); by subsequent
application of moderate finger pressure, the ring will be distress which relates to overall engine life.
5.4 This test method was developed to correlate with field
displaced.
(Subcommittee B Glossary ) experience using oils of known good and poor protection
3.1.18 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of against ring and liner distress.
5.5 The 6V92TA engine oil test is used in specifications and
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
turbine), whether operated or not. (D 4175) classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:
5.5.1 Specification D 4485,
3.1.19 wear, n—the loss of material from, or relocation of
material on, a surface. 5.5.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2104, and
5.5.3 SAE Classification J 183.
3.1.19.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of
6. Apparatus—General Description
mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-
6.1 The test engine is based on an 9 L Detroit Diesel
chanical and chemical actions. (D 5302)
6V92TA, turbo-supercharged, aftercooled, two-stroke cycle
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
diesel engine.
3.2.1 liner scuffıng, n—scuffing characterized by vertical
6.2 Use an engine test stand equipped to control engine
markings in the direction of piston motion which obscure
speed and load, various temperatures, and other parameters.
visual detection of the honing crosshatch pattern of the liner.
6.3 Use appropriate air conditioning or heating apparatus, or
3.2.2 test, n—any engine run-time accumulated beyond the
both, as necessary to control the temperature of the intake air.
break-in conducted according to this test method.
6.4 Use an appropriate fuel supply system.
4. Summary of Test Method
12 7. Apparatus—Laboratory and Test Stand Requirements
4.1 A 500 horsepower 6V92TA diesel engine is com-
7.1 Laboratory—Observe the following laboratory condi-
pletely disassembled, solvent-cleaned, measured, and as-
tions to ensure good control of test operations and good
sembled using new parts as specified.
repeatability:
7.1.1 Maintain
...
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