ASTM F1306-90(2008)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates
Standard Test Method for Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Penetration resistance is an important end-use performance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product can destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contaminates, causing potential harm to the product and reducing shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary with numerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus, rate of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Consequently, material responses from puncture to stretch may be observed and quantified using this method. Although numerous combinations of experimental factors can be devised and used to simulate specific end-use applications, the recommended conditions in this method should be followed for standard comparisons of materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films and laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resistance to a driven probe. The test is performed at room temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test velocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force, energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: F1306 − 90(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films
and Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Added research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope 3.1.1 elongation (stretch)—the elastic/plastic deformation
of flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.
1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films and
laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resis- 3.1.2 penetration resistance—the ability of a flexible sheet
tance to a driven probe. The test is performed at room
material to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a driven
temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test probe.
velocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force,
3.1.3 perforation—the development of a measurable flaw
energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.
through a barrier film undergoing penetration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 probe penetration to failure—distance probe travels
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
from film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observed
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
on Universal Testing Equipment recorder.
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.1.5 puncture—the brittle elastic fracture of a flexible sheet
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material under penetration by a driven probe.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-use perfor-
mance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product
2. Referenced Documents
can destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit
package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contaminates, causing potential harm to the product and
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
reducing shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary
lation (Withdrawn 2013)
with numerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus,
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
rate of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe.
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Consequently, material responses from puncture to stretch may
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
be observed and quantified using this method. Although
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
numerous combinations of experimental factors can be devised
and used to simulate specific end-use applications, the recom-
3. Terminology
mended conditions in this method should be followed for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard comparisons of materials.
5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus , with a recording device.
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
5.2 Compression Load Cell(s).
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1306 – 90 (2002).
DOI: 10.1520/F1306-90R08E01.
5.3 Penetration Probe as per Fig. 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3.1 A 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxial
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
stress) probe is recommended for general application and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
standard comparison of materials and interlaboratory results.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
F1306 − 90 (2008)
7.3 Center probe over the fixture.
8. Number of Test Specimens
8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h
prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618
for those tests where conditioning is required.
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity
unless otherwise specified in this test method.
10. Procedure
10.1 Following the instrument manufacturer’s instructions,
calibrate the test equipment.
FIG. 1 Penetration Probe
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen
puncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.
10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample material
into a minimum of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.
10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 readings) in the
center of a film specimen.
10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25
mm/min (1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500
mm/min (20 in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisition
rate to give a minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetra-
tion.
10.6 Clamp the film specimen in the holder, place sample
holder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it as
close as possible to the film specimen without making contact.
10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester.
Reset data collection devices to zero, if applicable.
10.8 Activate universal tester. At the first sign of a perfora-
tion through the film, return the crosshead to origination point.
(A perforation is any size hole in the film specimen visible to
FIG. 2 Specimen Clamping Fixture
the naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in load
to near zero occurs.) See Fig. 3.
NOTE 1—In case of laminate materials, multiple drops in load may be
5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) is
observed as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneous
required for interlaboratory comparison of results. (If other
probes are used, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of
10 to 1 is required.)
5.5 Specimen Cutter.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62%
or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.), whichever is larger).
6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by
76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).
7. Preparation of Apparatus
7.1 Consult the equipment operations manual for instruc-
tions to set up and operate the equipment.
7.2 Install probe apparatus. FIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration Test
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F1306 − 90 (2008)
drop to near zero would be considered a failure.
where:
10.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break, J = energy, J,
energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break) L = full scale load (FSL), N,
S = crosshead speed, (mm/min),
from mechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If using
I = integrator reading, (counts), and
chart recording instruments, record specimen identification on
Z = integrator, (counts/min).
chart and integrator reading if used.)
10.10 Repeat test sequence (10.1 to 10.9) for the remaining
12. Report
samples.
12.1 Report the following information:
12.1.1 Sample identification.
11. Calculation
12.1.2 Mean and standard deviation of five values for:
11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:F1306–90(Reapproved 2008) Designation:F1306–90(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films
and Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Added research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films and laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resistance to a
driven probe. The test is performed at room temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test velocity on the material until
perforation occurs. The force, energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 elongation (stretch)—the elastic/plastic deformation of flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.
3.1.2 penetration resistance—the ability of a flexible sheet material to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a driven probe.
3.1.3 perforation—the development of a measurable flaw through a barrier film undergoing penetration.
3.1.4 probe penetration to failure—distance probe travels from film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observed on
Universal Testing Equipment recorder.
3.1.5 puncture—the brittle elastic fracture of a flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-use performance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product can
destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contaminates, causing
potential harm to the product and reducing shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary with numerous factors, such as
film thickness, elastic modulus, rate of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Consequently, material responses from
puncture to stretch may be observed and quantified using this method. Although numerous combinations of experimental factors
can be devised and used to simulate specific end-use applications, the recommended conditions in this method should be followed
for standard comparisons of materials.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus , with a recording device.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on Physical
Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1306 – 90 (2002). DOI:
10.1520/F1306-90R08E01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
F1306–90 (2008)
5.2 Compression Load Cell(s).
5.3 Penetration Probe as per Fig. 1.
5.3.1 A3.2 mm (0.125 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxial stress) probe is recommended for general application and standard
comparison of materials and interlaboratory results.
5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.
5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) is required for interlaboratory comparison of results. (If other probes are
used, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of 10 to 1 is required.)
5.5 Specimen Cutter.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62 % or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.), whichever is larger).
6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by 76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).
7. Preparation of Apparatus
7.1 Consult the equipment operations manual for instructions to set up and operate the equipment.
7.2 Install probe apparatus.
7.3 Center probe over the fixture.
8. Number of Test Specimens
8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to
test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 for those tests where conditioning is required.
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity unless
otherwise specified in this test method.
10. Procedure
10.1 Following the instrument manufacturer’s instructions, calibrate the test equipment.
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen puncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.
10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample material into a minimum of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.
10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 readings) in the center of a film specimen.
10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25 mm/min (1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500 mm/min (20
in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisition rate to give a minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetration.
10.6 Clamp the film specimen in the holder, place sample holder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it as close
as possible to the film specimen without making contact.
10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester. Reset data collection devices to zero, if applicable.
10.8 Activate universal tester. At the first sign of a perforation through the film, return the crosshead to origination point. (A
perforation is any size hole in the film specimen visible to the naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in load to near
zero occurs.) See Fig. 3.
FIG. 1 Penetration Probe
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F1306–90 (2008)
FIG. 2 Specimen Clamping Fixture
FIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration Test
NOTE 1—In case of laminate materials, multiple drops in load may be observed as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneous drop
to near zero would be considered a failure.
10.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break, energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break) from
mechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If using chart recording instruments, record specimen identification on chart and
integrator reading if used.)
10.10 Repeat test sequence (10.1 to 10.9) for the remaining samples.
11. Calculation
11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration to break, and energy to break.
11.1.1 Software computed values are acceptable.
11.2 Use the following formulas for calculating the required values for data acquisition with a time
...
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