ASTM D2256/D2256M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—Option A1 of Test Method D2256 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. However, this statement is not applicable to knot and loop breaking force tests, tests on wet specimens, tests on oven-dried specimens, or tests on specimens exposed to low or high temperatures and should be used with caution for acceptance testing because factual information on between-laboratory precision and bias is not available.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on yarn processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the yarn to extension at forces below the yield point. The chord modulus is used to estimate the resistance to imposed strain. The breaking toughness is a measure of the work necessary to break the yarn.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex [0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex].
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
Note 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, and Specification D578.
Note 2—For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2256/D2256M–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2256/D2256M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile 2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, D76 Specification forTensileTesting Machines forTextiles
either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
stretchmorethan5.0%whentensionisincreasedfrom0.05to D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
1.0 cN/tex [0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex]. D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the Organic-Base Fibers
calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modu- D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength ofYarn in Skein
lus, and breaking toughness. Form
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
(A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form. D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
(3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
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temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature. Textiles
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
NOTE 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers;
Related Properties of Textiles
namely,glass,flax,hemp,ramie,andkraftpaperandforspecificproducts;
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
namely,tirecordsandrope,havebeenpublished:TestMethodsD885,and
Specification D578. E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
NOTE 2—Fordirectionscoveringthedeterminationofbreakingforceof
3. Terminology
yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D4848 for definitions of the
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
followingtermsusedinthisstandard:breakingforce,breaking
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
strength, breaking tenacity, breaking toughness, chord modu-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
lus, elongation, elongation at break, elongation at rupture,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
initial modulus, knot-breaking force, knot breaking strength,
with the standard.
linear density, loop breaking force, loop-breaking strength,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
single-strand breaking force, single-strand breaking strength,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength and tenacity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 Refer to Terminology D123 and Terminology D4849
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and for definitions of other terms used in this standard.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
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in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2256–09. DOI: 10.1520/ Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
D2256_D2256M-10. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2256/D2256M–10
4. Summary of Test Method 5.2 Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calcu-
lated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the
4.1 Single-strand yarn specimens are broken on a tension
elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to
testing
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2256/D2256M–09 Designation:D2256/D2256M–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2256/D2256M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftensilepropertiesofmonofilament,multifilament,andspunyarns,eithersingle,
plied,orcabledwiththeexceptionofyarnsthatstretchmorethan5.0%whentensionisincreasedfrom0.05to1.0cN/tex(0.5[0.5
to 1.0 gf/tex). gf/tex].
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the
calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet,
immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.
NOTE 1—Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products;
namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, and Specification D578.
NOTE 2—For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 RefertoTerminologyD4848fordefinitionsofthefollowingtermsusedinthisstandard:breakingforce,breakingstrength,
breaking tenacity, breaking toughness, chord modulus, elongation, elongation at break, elongation at rupture, initial modulus,
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2009.2010. Published August 2009.July 2010. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2256–02
(2008). D2256–09. DOI: 10.1520/D2256_D2256M-109.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2256/D2256M–10
knot-breaking force, knot breaking strength, linear density, loop breaking force, loop-breaking strength, single-strand breaking
force, single-strand breaking strength, strength and tenacity.
3.1.2 Refer to Terminology D123 and Terminology D4849 and for definitions of other terms used in this standard.
4. Summary of Test Me
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