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ASTM D4355-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon arc radiation, moisture, and heat.
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon-arc light source.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4355-02 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D4355-07 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8102-17 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM D4355-05 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type ApparatusASTM D4355-05 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
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ASTM D4355-05 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4355–05
Standard Test Method for
Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture
1
and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dete-
method, refer to Terminology D 123, for geotextile terms refer
rioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon
to Terminology D 4439.
arc radiation, moisture, and heat.
3.2.2 The definitions given in TerminologyG113 are appli-
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a
cable to this standard.
xenon-arc light source.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Five specimens of a geotextile for the machine direction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and for the cross machine direction are exposed in a xenon arc
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
device for each of the following times: 0 (control specimens),
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for 150, 300, and 500 h. The exposure consists of 120-min
2. Referenced Documents cyclesasfollows:90minoflightonlyat65 6 3°Cuninsulated
2 black panel temperature and 50 6 5% relative humidity, fol-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lowed by 30 min of light plus water spray.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.2 After each exposure period, the specimens are subjected
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
toacutorravelstriptensiletest.Theaveragebreakingstrength
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
in each direction is compared with the average breaking
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
strengthineachdirectionofthecontrolspecimens.Thepercent
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
strength retained is plotted versus exposure period to produce
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
a degradation curve for the specimens from each direction.
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G 141 Guide forAddressingVariability in ExposureTesting
5. Significance and Use
on Nonmetallic Materials
5.1 This method is intended to induce property changes
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
associated with end use conditions, including the effects of
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light Sources
solar radiation, moisture and heat. The exposure used is not
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized
for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological
3. Terminology attack, and salt water exposure.
5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposure
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conducted in accordance with this test method, and service life
3.1.1 geotextile—any permeable textile material used with
in a specific outdoor environment requires determination of an
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-
acceleration factor as defined in Terminology G113. The
neering related material that is an integral part of a man-made
acceleration factor is material-dependent and is only valid if it
product, structure, or system.
is based on data from a sufficient number of separate exterior
and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
relate times to failure in each exposure can be analyzed using
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
statistical methods.
ance Properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
NOTE 1—An example of a statistical analysis using multiple laboratory
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4355 – 02.
and exterior exposures to calculate an acceleration factor is described by
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4355–05
3
J. A. Simms. See Practice G 151 for more information and additional
during manufacture, select the rolls for th
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
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ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

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5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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