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ASTM D4355-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon arc radiation, moisture, and heat.
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon-arc light source.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2007
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4355-05 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D4355/D4355M-14 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8102-17 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007

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ASTM D4355-07 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type ApparatusASTM D4355-07 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
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ASTM D4355-07 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4355 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture
1
and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geotextile—any permeable textile material used with
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dete-
neering related material that is an integral part of a man-made
rioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon
product, structure, or system.
arc radiation, moisture, and heat.
3.2 Definitions:
1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a
3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
xenon-arc light source.
method, refer to Terminology D123, for geotextile terms refer
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to Terminology D4439.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cable to this standard.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Five specimens of a geotextile for the machine direction
2
and for the cross machine direction are exposed in a xenon arc
2.1 ASTM Standards:
device for each of the following times: 0 (control specimens),
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
for 150, 300, and 500 h. The exposure consists of 120-min
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
cyclesasfollows:90minoflightonlyat65 6 3°Cuninsulated
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
black panel temperature and 50 6 5% relative humidity, fol-
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
lowed by 30 min of light plus water spray.
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
4.2 After each exposure period, the specimens are subjected
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
toacutorravelstriptensiletest.Theaveragebreakingstrength
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
in each direction is compared with the average breaking
of Nonmetallic Materials
strengthineachdirectionofthecontrolspecimens.Thepercent
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
strength retained is plotted versus exposure period to produce
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
a degradation curve for the specimens from each direction.
G155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is intended to induce property changes
3. Terminology
associated with end use conditions, including the effects of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
solar radiation, moisture and heat. The exposure used is not
intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized
weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
attack, and salt water exposure.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
ance Properties.
5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposure
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
conducted in accordance with this test method, and service life
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4355 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D4355-07.
in a specific outdoor environment requires determination of an
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
acceleration factor as defined in Terminology G113. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
acceleration factor is material-dependent and is only valid if it
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is based on data from a sufficient number of separate exterior
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4355 − 07
and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used to 7. Sampling
relate times to failure in each exposure can be analyzed using
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
statistical methods.
at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
applicable material specifi
...

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
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1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
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1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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