ASTM D4860-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test Method D4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free water. The degree of water and particulate contamination can be measured using other methods such as Test Methods D1744, D2276, and D2709.
5.2 The color of the sample does not affect the measurement. Limited laboratory evaluations of samples have determined the degree of free water can be rated in fuels with dark opaque color having a darker rating than five in Test Method D1500.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
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Designation: D4860 − 13
StandardTest Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field 3.1 Definitions:
and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and 3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright),n—a
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
fuels. particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
a haze, cloudiness, droplets, or water layer.
standard.
3.1.3 solid particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
present in fuel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Some examples of solid particulates
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
coating deterioration, and products of fuel degradation and
warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
microbial growth.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
4 4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ),
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
n—a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of
(ASTM Color Scale)
removal of free water and particulate contamination by filtra-
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
tion.
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn
3
4. Summary of Test Method
2000)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and
Fuel by Line Sampling
particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
is taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
presence of particulate matter.
Petroleum Products
4.2 Anumerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
a portion of the fuel sample at a programmed rate (50 mL/45 s)
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
through a standard fiberglass coalescer/filter. A portion of the
effluent is used to establish a reference (100) level by a light
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
transmittance measurement. Another portion of the unpro-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
cessed (unfiltered) fuel sample is then compared to the 100
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of
reference level. The results are reported on a 50 to 100 scale to
Liquid Fuels.
the nearest whole number. A test can be performed in 5 to 10
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4860 – 08. DOI:
min.
10.1520/D4860-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or NOTE 1—The standard fiberglass coalescer/filter consists of a precision-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
machined aluminum housing containing fiber-glass material that has been
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on ‘MSEP’and ‘Micro-Separometer’are trademarks of EMCEE Electronics, Inc.,
www.astm.org. 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4860 − 13
selected to specific air flow characteristics. These criteria ha
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4860 − 08 D4860 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
3
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn 2000)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:
3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)),—n—a condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.1.2 free water—water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel
as a haze or haze, cloudiness, droplets, or as droplets.water layer.
3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B)— a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal of
free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
3.1.3 solid particulates—particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or
sediment, present in fuel as a result of contamination by air-blown dusts, corrosion by-products, fuel instability, or
protective-coating deterioration. fuel.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 on
Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008June 15, 2013. Published August 2008July 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D4860D4860 – 08.–07. DOI: 10.1520/D4860-08.10.1520/D4860-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Some examples of solid particulates are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-coating deterioration, and
products of fuel degradation and microbial growth.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4860 − 13
4 4
3.2.1 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ), n—a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal
of free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample is
taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the presence of
particulate matter.
4.2 A numerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering a portion of the fuel
...
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