ASTM D4860-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test Method D 4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free water. The degree of water and particulate contamination can be measured using other methods such as Test Methods D 1744, D 2276, and D 2709.
The color of the sample does not affect the measurement. Limited laboratory evaluations of samples have determined the degree of free water can be rated in fuels with dark opaque color having a darker rating than five in Test Method D 1500.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
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Designation: D4860 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
andlaboratoryusetoinspectvisuallyforparticulatematterand 3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)—a
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
fuels. particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.1.2 free water—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
atthetemperatureofthetestandappearinginthefuelasahaze
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
or cloudiness, or as droplets.
standard.
3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B)—
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 solid particulates—small solid or semi-solid particles,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present in fuel as a
warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
result of contamination by air-blown dusts, corrosion by-
products, fuel instability, or protective-coating deterioration.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Summary of Test Method
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and
(ASTM Color Scale)
particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
is taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn
the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the
3
2000)
presence of particulate matter.
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviation
4.2 Anumerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering
Fuel by Line Sampling
a portion of the fuel sample at a programmed rate (50 mL/45 s)
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
through a standard fiberglass coalescer/filter. A portion of the
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
effluent is used to establish a reference (100) level by a light
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
transmittance measurement. Another portion of the unpro-
Petroleum Products
cessed (unfiltered) fuel sample is then compared to the 100
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
reference level. The results are reported on a 50 to 100 scale to
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
the nearest whole number. A test can be performed in 5 to 10
min.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
NOTE1—Thestandardfiberglasscoalescer/filterconsistsofaprecision-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of machined aluminum housing containing fiber-glass material that has been
Liquid Fuels. selected to specific air flow characteristics. These criteria have a direct
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
bearing on the test results.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4860–07. DOI:
10.1520/D4860-08.
5. Significance and Use
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test
the ASTM website.
3
Method D4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4860–07 Designation:D4860–08
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-dle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
3
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)— a condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.1.2 free water—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel as a haze
or cloudiness, or as droplets.
3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B)— a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal of
free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
3.1.4 solid particulates—small solid or semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present in fuel as a result
of contamination by air-blown dusts, corrosion by-products, fuel instability, or protective-coating deterioration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample is
taken.Aglass container is used to view for water haze, and the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the presence of
particulate matter.
4.2 A numerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering a portion of the fuel sample at a programmed rate (50 mL/45 s)
through a standard fiberglass coalescer/filter. A portion of the effluent is used to establish a reference (100) level by a light
transmittance measurement. Another portion of the unprocessed (unfiltered) fuel sample is then compared to the 100 reference
level. The results are reported on a 50 to 100 scale to the nearest whole number. A test can be performed in 5 to 10 min.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 on
Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007.2008. Published August 2007.2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
D4860–91(2005).D 4860–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4860–08
NOTE 1—The standard fiberglass coalescer/filter consists of a precision-machined aluminum housing containing fiber-glass material that has been
selected to specific air flow characteristics. These criteria have a direct
...
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