ASTM D4131-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone
Standard Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone
ABSTRACT
This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days. This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s) and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should be affected and they should be collected for processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected fish, which may take up to three days.
1.2 Advantages:
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has low toxicity to mammals and birds.
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on species, age, and size.
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly alkaline water.
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do not float.
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not possible.
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.
1.4 Applications—This practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in littoral and limnetic areas.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 7.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4131 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Fish with Rotenone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retriev-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ing all affected fish, which may take up to three days.
1.2 Advantages:
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
low toxicity to mammals and birds.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on
species, age, and size.
3. Terminology
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Limitations:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly
Terminology D1129.
alkaline water.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do
3.2.1 lentic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where
not float.
to standing waters, such as ponds, lakes, or reservoirs.
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not
3.2.2 limnetic, n—open deep waters of a body of fresh
possible.
water.
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.
3.2.3 littorial, n—situatedorgrowingonorneartheshoreof
a large body of water.
1.4 Applications—This practice is useful in both short- and
long-term studies for management and impact assessment 3.2.4 lotic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where
purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in
there is fast moving waters.
littoral and limnetic areas.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed
and are not considered standard.
throughoutthewatercolumninthesamplearea.Allfishshould
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
be affected and they should be collected for processing (1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Vessels, for measuring and mixing rotenone and for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
collecting fish.
For specific hazards, see Section 7.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition addition approved in 2014 as D4131 – 84 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4131-19. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4131 − 19
5.2 Chemical Applicator, for boat use. 8.1.2 The target concentration of rotenone in the sample
5.2.1 Venturi Siphon or Automatic Boat Bailer that attaches area is 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L depending on water conditions and
to outboard motor’s cavatation plate. whether a partial or complete kill is required (1.89 to 7.57 L
3
5.2.2 Gasoline-Powered Pump and Weighted Perforate
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4131 − 84 (Reapproved 2014) D4131 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Fish with Rotenone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area. The
successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1) preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retrieving all affected
fish, which may take up to three days.
1.2 Advantages:
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has low toxicity to mammals and birds.
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on species, age, and size.
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly alkaline water.
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do not float.
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not possible.
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.
1.4 Applications—thisThis practice is useful in both short- and long-term studies for management and impact assessment
purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in littoral and limnetic areas.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 67.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Document Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 lentic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where to standing waters, such as ponds, lakes, or reservoirs.
3.2.2 limnetic, n—open deep waters of a body of fresh water.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014April 1, 2019. Published March 2014April 2019. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition addition approved in 20082014
as D4131 – 84 (2008).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4131-84R14.10.1520/D4131-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4131 − 19
3.2.3 littorial, n—situated or growing on or near the shore of a large body of water.
3.2.4 lotic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where there is fast moving waters.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s) and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The required
quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should be affected and they
3
should be collected for processing (1).
5. Apparatus
5.1 Vessels, for measuring and mixing rotenone and for collecting fish.
5.2 Chemical Applicator, for boat use.
5.2.1 Venturi Siphon or Automatic Boat Bailer that attaches to outboard motor’smotor’s cavatation plate.
5.2.2 Gasoline-Powered Pump and Weighted Perforated Hose.
1 3
5.3 Block-O
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4131 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Fish with Rotenone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitative
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
The successful use of this technique is dependent on: (1)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
preventing fish from escaping the sample area and (2) retriev-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ing all affected fish, which may take up to three days.
1.2 Advantages:
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Easily detoxified.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible, but it has
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
low toxicity to mammals and birds.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends on
species, age, and size.
3. Terminology
1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Limitations:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.3.1 It is less effective in cold (below 20°C) and highly
Terminology D1129.
alkaline water.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually do
3.2.1 lentic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where
not float.
to standing waters, such as ponds, lakes, or reservoirs.
1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is not
3.2.2 limnetic, n—open deep waters of a body of fresh
possible.
water.
1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.
1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.
3.2.3 littorial, n—situated or growing on or near the shore of
a large body of water.
1.4 Applications—This practice is useful in both short- and
long-term studies for management and impact assessment
3.2.4 lotic, n—of or relating to aquatic environment where
purposes. It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations in there is fast moving waters.
littoral and limnetic areas.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and the volume of water to be treated is calculated. The
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
required quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributed
and are not considered standard.
throughout the water column in the sample area. All fish should
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
be affected and they should be collected for processing (1).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Vessels, for measuring and mixing rotenone and for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
collecting fish.
For specific hazards, see Section 7.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition addition approved in 2014 as D4131 – 84 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4131-19. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4131 − 19
5.2 Chemical Applicator, for boat use. 8.1.2 The target concentration of rotenone in the sample
5.2.1 Venturi Siphon or Automatic Boat Bailer that attaches area is 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L depending on water conditions and
to outboard motor’s cavatation plate. whether a partial or complete kill is required (1.89 to 7.57 L
3
5.2.2 Gasoline-Powered Pump and Weighted Perforated 5 % liquid per 3 acre-ft (1233 m ) will give this concentration).
Hose. Mix the required amount of rotenone in a tub an
...
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