iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D3960-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice discusses applicable ASTM test methods used in the determination of the VOC content of paints and related coatings and provides equations for calculating the VOC content expressed as the mass of VOC: (1) per unit volume of coating less water and exempt volatile compounds, and (2) per unit volume of coating solids and (3) per unit mass of coating solids.
Volatile organic compound content is used to compare the amount of VOC released from different coatings used for the same application, that is, to coat the same area to the same dry film thickness (assuming the same application efficiency).
VOC content data are required by various regulatory agencies.
Only the expression of VOC content as a function of the volume of coating solids gives a linear measure of the difference in VOC released from different coatings used for the same application.
Note 4—Thus assuming the same transfer efficiency, a coating with VOC content of 3 lb of VOC/gal of solids would release ½ the VOC that would a coating with 6 lb of VOC/gal of solids.
When VOC content is expressed as a function of the volume of coating less water and exempt solvents, the values obtained do not account for differences in the volume solids content of the coatings being compared: this expression, therefore, does not provide a linear measure of the difference in VOC emitted from different coatings used for the same application.
Note 5—Thus, a coating with VOC content of 3 lb of VOC/gal less water and exempt volatile compounds would release about 85 % less VOC than a coating with 6 lb of VOC/gal less water and exempt volatile compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice measures the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of solventborne and waterborne paints and related coatings as determined from the quantity of material released from a sample under specified bake conditions and subtracting exempt volatile compounds and water if present.
Note 1—The regulatory definition, under the control of the U.S. EPA, can change. To ensure currency, contact the local air pollution control agency.
1.2 This practice provides a guide to the selection of appropriate ASTM test methods for the determination of VOC content.
1.3 Certain organic compounds that may be released under the specified bake conditions are not counted toward coating VOC content because they do not participate appreciably in atmospheric photochemical reactions. Such negligibly photochemically reactive compounds are referred to, as exempt volatile compounds in this practice.
Note 2—Information on the US EPA definition of VOC and a list of the current US EPA approved exempt volatile compounds which have been used in coatings, are provided in .
1.4 VOC content is calculated as a function of (1) the volume of coating less water and exempt volatile compounds, and (2) the volume of coating solids, and (3) the weight of coating solids.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3960-04 - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D3960-05(2013) - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)Content of Paints and Related Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6093-97(2022) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6886-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Weight Percent Individual Volatile Organic Compounds in Waterborne Air-Dry Coatings by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E1795-20a - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4017-22 - Standard Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7768-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Speciated Organic Volatile Content of Waterborne Multi-Component Coatings by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2369-20 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7245-09(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Total Water and Volatiles in Liquid Coatings Which Produce Cure Water Upon Heating
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6266-00a(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released From Waterborne Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device (Abatement)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM A1111-22 - Standard Specification for Cast Iron Closet Flanges for Use with Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings in Gravity Flow Plumbing Drain, Waste, and Vent Sanitary Applications
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E1797-12(2017)e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM D3960-05 - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsASTM D3960-05 - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D3960-05 - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3960 − 05
StandardPractice for
Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of
1
Paints and Related Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice measures the volatile organic compound
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(VOC) content of solventborne and waterborne paints and
D1475Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
related coatings as determined from the quantity of material
and Related Products
released from a sample under specified bake conditions and
D2369Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
subtracting exempt volatile compounds and water if present.
D2697Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
or Pigmented Coatings
NOTE 1—The regulatory definition, under the control of the U.S. EPA,
can change. To ensure currency, contact the local air pollution control
D2832GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
agency.
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
1.2 This practice provides a guide to the selection of
D3792TestMethodforWaterContentofCoatingsbyDirect
appropriateASTM test methods for the determination of VOC
Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
content.
D3925Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
1.3 Certain organic compounds that may be released under
D4017Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
the specified bake conditions are not counted toward coating
VOC content because they do not participate appreciably in by Karl Fischer Method
atmospheric photochemical reactions. Such negligibly photo- D4457Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethane
chemically reactive compounds are referred to, as exempt and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings by
volatile compounds in this practice. Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph
D5095Test Method for Determination of the Nonvolatile
NOTE2—InformationontheUSEPAdefinitionofVOCandalistofthe
Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends
current US EPA approved exempt volatile compounds which have been
used in coatings, are provided in Appendix X3. Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments
D5201Practice for Calculating Formulation Physical Con-
1.4 VOC content is calculated as a function of (1) the
stants of Paints and Coatings
volume of coating less water and exempt volatile compounds,
D5403Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Cur-
and (2) the volume of coating solids, and (3) the weight of
able Materials
coating solids.
D6093Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas
standard.
Pycnometer
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6133Test Method for Acetone, p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Methyl Acetate or t-Butyl Acetate Content of Solvent-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
borne and Waterborne Paints, Coatings, Resins, and Raw
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Materials by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6419Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and
Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3960–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3960-05. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3960 − 05
D6438Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and on the mixture. These values are combined using specified
Parachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coat- equations to calculate the VOC content of the coating.
ings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatogra-
NOTE 3—In Reference Method24 the U.S. EPA defines a waterborne
phy
coating as any coating with mo
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7190-10(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice to Evaluate Leaching of Water-Soluble Materials from Latex Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Surfactant staining is a common problem with exterior house paints, particularly when subjected to humid environments (such as morning dew) shortly after application.  
4.2 Interior paints used in humid areas such as kitchens and bathrooms may also experience surfactant staining.  
4.3 Leaching of water-soluble materials may be dependent on colorant dispersions that are mixed into tint base paints. Other paint components may also affect the leaching of water-soluble materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the ability of a latex paint film to resist staining caused by the leaching of water-soluble materials when contacted with water shortly after application.  
1.2 Water staining is attributed to the leaching of surfactants or other water-soluble materials from a paint film.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4214-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4147-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Applying Coil Coatings Using Wire-Wound Drawdown Bars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is useful in the laboratory to simulate roll-coated films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying a coil coating film of uniform thickness on a flat metal panel using wire-wound drawdown bars.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4287-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives information about the flow properties of the material under high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during application: brushing (see Test Method D4958), spraying, electrostatic disk, or roll coating.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by Test Method D1210.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear of 12 000 s−1.  
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give reproducible results with this test method. Measurements made at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to loss of volatiles and to drying.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D16-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This standard consists of technical terms used in standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 (on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications), and of definitions suitable for use in these standards.
Note 1: When any definition in this standards is quoted or published out of the context of this standard, editorially insert the following delimiting statement “for paints and related coatings, materials, and applications” after the dash following the term (in the absence of an existing delimiting statement). This will limit the filed of application of the term and definition to that approved by this committee.  
1.2 In this terminology standard, definitions used in other ASTM standards are indicated by following the definition with the designation of that standard. In some cases, a relevant D01 subcommittee is also listed. Definitions influenced by those used by other organizations are indicated by the acronym of the organization. Primary terms are given in bold, while narrower and unapproved terms are given in italics.  
1.3 There are several specialized terminology standards under the jurisdiction of Committee D01, as follows: D804, D1695, D6440, D6488, and D7188. Few definitions from those standards are included in Terminology D16. Therefore, in searches for definitions of paints and coatings terms, these standards should be included where appropriate.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6762-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Hiding Power of Paint by Visual Evaluation of Spray Applied Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines hiding power of a test paint by visual evaluation of a spray applied coating.
Note 1: Test Method D2805 describes an instrumental method for determining hiding power. The paint film is applied at a uniform thickness (for example with a doctor blade), the film thickness is measured rigorously, and the opacity is determined photometrically. Hiding power is thereby determined with a high degree of precision.  
5.2 Test Method D6762 is less precise than Test Method D2805, but is commonly used since it is more closely related to the application characteristics of the paint and is simpler in concept and evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative visual determination of the film thickness required to achieve full hiding. This film thickness is considered to be the hiding power of a test paint.  
1.2 This method applies only to spray applied coatings but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2805-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a precise instrumental method giving results having an absolute physical significance without reference to a comparison paint. It should be used when maximum precision and minimum subjectivity are required, as in testing specification coatings or evaluating the hiding efficiency of pigments.  
5.2 Hiding power Test Method D344 is visual instead of instrumental, and gives results that are relative to a material standard instead of absolute. It is less precise than Test Method D2805 but more closely aligned with practical painting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, without reference to a material paint standard, of the hiding power of air dry coatings with Y tristimulus values greater than 15 %. With appropriate modification, it can also be used to test baking finishes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3732-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a guide whereby all pertinent variables relating to the ultraviolet cure of a coating are described.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to all coatings cured by ultraviolet energy.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1644-01(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 These test methods are applicable to varnish and are useful to producers and users in determining nonvolatile content and are sometimes an appropriate measure of the film-forming matter in varnish.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the fraction of a varnish that is nonvolatile at the temperature of the test while volatile solvents are driven off. It is sometimes an approximate measure of the film-forming matter in a varnish.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific statement, see Section 3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6486-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Short Term Vehicle Service Exposure of Automotive Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since the exposure of automotive coatings to the various mechanical and chemical stresses encountered in actual operations, is very opportunistic, obtaining statistically significant data from which valid conclusions can be drawn, requires rigorous attention to the experimental designs and conditions of exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the protocol for vehicle service exposure testing of automotive coatings. Such exposure testing is valuable for the verification of the performance of automotive coatings and correlation with laboratory test data. Vehicle service exposure is intended to provide short term (2 to 20 weeks) exposure to the stress factors associated with vehicle operation. Factors included are scratch, mar, impact, stone chipping, insect impact, bird dropping, tree sap and staining, environmental fallout, etc.
Note 1: Vehicle service exposure is not intended to provide the conditions that are needed for characterizing the long term effects of weathering or corrosion exposure.  
1.2 The exposure conditions are produced by the placement of multiple test panels of automotive finishes on automotive test fleets that traverse a defined road course. Exposure to the operating environment can be 20 h/day, 7 days/week allowing for accumulation of over 100 000 miles in 10 weeks of exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off