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ASTM E1336-11(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry

Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most fundamental method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or other color coordinates for describing the colors of visual display units (VDUs) is by the use of spectroradiometric data. (See CIE No. 18 and 63.) These data are used by summation together with numerical values representing the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and normalized to Km, the maximum spectral luminous efficacy function.  
5.2 The special requirements for characterizing VDUs possessing narrow or discontinuous spectra are presented and discussed. Modifications to the requirements of Practice E308 are given to correct for the unusual nature of narrow or discontinuous sources.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method prescribes the instrumental measurements required for characterizing the color and brightness of VDUs.  
1.2 This test method is specific in scope rather than general as to type of instrument and object.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.06 - Display, Imaging and Imaging Colorimetry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1336-11(2017) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM E1682-08(2022) - Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM E1455-17(2022) - Standard Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM E1336-11(2023) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by SpectroradiometryASTM E1336-11(2023) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
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ASTM E1336-11(2023) - Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1336 − 11 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by
Spectroradiometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The fundamental procedure for characterizing the color and luminance of a visual display unit
(VDU) is to obtain the spectroradiometric data under specified measurement conditions, and from
these data to compute CIE chromaticity coordinates and absolute luminance values based on the 1931
CIE Standard Observer. The considerations involved and the procedures to be used to obtain precision
colorimetric data for this purpose are contained in this test method. The values and procedures for
computing CIE chromaticity coordinates are contained in Practice E308. The procedures for obtaining
spectroradiometric data are contained in Practice E1341. This test method includes some modifica-
tions to the procedures given in Practice E308 that are necessary for computing the absolute luminance
values of VDUs. This procedure is intended to be generally applicable to any VDU device, including
but not limited to cathode ray tubes (CRT), liquid crystal displays (LCD), and electroluminescent
displays (ELD).
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method prescribes the instrumental measure-
E284 Terminology of Appearance
ments required for characterizing the color and brightness of
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
VDUs.
the CIE System
1.2 This test method is specific in scope rather than general
E1341 Practice for Obtaining Spectroradiometric Data from
as to type of instrument and object.
Radiant Sources for Colorimetry
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 CIE Publications:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Publication CIE No. 18 Principles of Light Measurements
standard.
Publication CIE No. 15.2 Colorimetry, 2nd ed., 1986
Publication CIE No. 63 Spectroradiometric Measurement of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Light Sources, 1984
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2.3 IEC Publications:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Publication No. 441 Photometric and Colorimetric Methods
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. of Measurement of the Light Emitted by a Cathode-Ray
Tube Screen, 1974
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 The definitions of appearance terms in Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E284 are applicable to this test method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.06 on Display, the ASTM website.
Imaging and Imaging Colorimetry. Available from CIE (International Commission on Illumination), http://
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally www.cie.co.at or http://www.techstreet.com.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1336 – 11 (2017). Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
DOI: 10.1520/E1336-11R23. Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1336 − 11 (2023)
4. Summary of Test Method 7.2 Calibration Sources:
7.2.1 The standard calibration source for spectroradiometry
4.1 Procedures are given for obtaining spectroradiometric
is a tungsten-filament lamp operated at a specified current. It is
data and for the calculation of CIE tristimulus values and other
preferable to have more than one standard lamp to permit
color coordinates to describe the colors of VDUs. Modifica-
cross-checks and to allow calibration at a range of luminance
tions to the standard calculation procedures of Practice E308
levels.
are described.
7.2.2 Monochromatic emission sources such as a low-
5. Significance and Use pressure mercury arc lamp or tunable laser should also be
available for use in calibrating the wavelength scale.
5.1 The most fundamental method for obtaining CIE tris-
7.2.3 The electrical supplies for the calibration sources
timulus values or other color coordinates for describing the
should be of the constant current type. The supply should be
colors of visual display units (VDUs) is by the use of
linear and not a switching supply. Current regulation should be
spectroradiometric data. (See CIE No. 18 and 63.) These data
maintained to better than 0.1 %. At this level the radiant flux
are used by summation together with numerical values repre-
from the calibration source is at least an order of magnitude
senting the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and normalized to K ,
m
more stable than the flux from a VDU.
the maximum spectral luminous efficacy function.
7.2.4 There should be a standard for length measurements
5.2 The special requirements for characterizing VDUs pos-
available (such as a high-quality metric rule) since absolute
sessing narrow or discontinuous spectra are presented and
irradiance calibration must be performed at an exact distance
discussed. Modifications to the requirements of Practice E308
from the filament of the calibration lamp.
are given to correct for the unusual nature of narrow or
discontinuous sources.
7.3 Receiving Optics—To maximize the light throughput the
number of optical surfaces between the source of light should
6. Requirements When Using Spectroradiometry
be kept to a minimum. In extended diffuse sources (such as
6.1 When describing the measurement of VDUs by VDUs) only a set of limiting apertures will be needed. In some
instances, it may be desirable to image the VDU with an
spectroradiometry, the following must be specified:
6.1.1 The radiometric quantity determined, such as the intermediate focusing lens or mirror assembly. Care should be
2 2
taken to use a magnification that will adequately fill the
irradiance (W/m ) or radiance (W/m -sr), or the photometric
quantity determined, such as illuminance (lm/m ) or luminance entrance slit when viewing both the calibration and test source.
2 2
(lm/m -sr or cd/m ). The use of older, less descriptive names or
units such as phot, nit, stilb is not recommended. 8. Calibration and Verification
6.1.2 The geometry of the measurement conditions,
8.1 Calibration and its verification are essential steps in
including, whether a diffuser was used and the material from
ensuring that precise and accurate results are obtained by
which it was constructed, the distances from the VDU, the size
spectroradiometric measurements. They require the use of
of the area to be measured on the VDU, the uniformity of the
physical standards, some of which may not be normally
VDU across the area to be measured, the microstructure of the
supplied by commercial instrument manufacturers. It remains
VDU picture elements, and the presence of any special
the user’s responsibility to obtain and use the physical stan-
intermediate optical devices such as integrating spheres.
dards necessary to keep his instrument in optimum working
6.1.3 The spectral parameters, including the spectral region,
condition.
wavelength measurement interval, and spectral bandwidth.
These must be specified since the various VDU technologies
8.2 Radiometric Scale:
may demand more or less stringent requirements.
8.2.1 Zero Calibration or Its Verification—All photometric
6.1.4 The type of standard used to calibrate the system, a
devices have some inherent photocurrent, even in the absence
standard lamp, a calibrated source, or a calibrated detector, and
of light. This so called “dark current” must be measured and
the source of the calibration.
subtracted from all subsequent readings either electrically or
6.1.5 The physical and temporal characteristics of the VDU
computationally.
including, refresh or field rate, convergence and purity adjust-
8.2.2 Radiometric Scale Calibration—A physical standard
ments (if the manufacturer allows such), luminance level, and
of spectral irradiance is normally used for calibration. After the
any spectral line character in the emission from the VDU. The
dark current has been measured, the calibration source is
integration time of the detector system should be noted in
positioned in front of the receiving optics at the specified
relation to the refresh or field rate of the VDU. (See IEC No.
distance and operated at the specified electric current. This
441.)
provides a good approximation to a Plankian radiator across
the visible spectrum. The calibration source is measured and
7. Apparatus
the values of the dark-current-corrected photocurrent are re-
7.1 The basic instrument requirement is a spectroradiomet- corded. These photocurrents are then related to the calibration
ric system designed for the measurement of spectral radiance values of spectral irradiance that were provided by the stan-
or irradiance of light sources. See Practice E1341 for details on dardizing laboratory. The ratio of spectral irradiance to photo-
each of the parts of a spectroradiometer and how to calibrate current becomes the instrument calibration factor. All subse-
and use the instrument. quent measurements are multiplied by this ratio.
E1336 − 11 (2023)
...

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5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system.  
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4.1 This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).
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5.1 Many competent measurement laboratories comply with accepted quality system requirements such as ISO 9001, QS 9000, or ISO 17025. When using standard test methods, the measurement results should agree with those from other similar laboratories within the combined uncertainty limits of the laboratories’ measurement systems. It is for this reason that quality system requirements demand that a statement of the uncertainty of the test results accompany every test result.  
5.2 Preparation of uncertainty estimates is a requirement for laboratory certification under ISO 17025. This practice describes the procedures by which such uncertainty estimates may be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the uncertainty of a measurement result when the result is derived from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotometry.  
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as color-differences in ΔE format, even though the measurement itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance or transmittance.  
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer laboratories.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1682-08(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The color displayed on a VDU is an important aspect of the reproduction of colored images. The VDU is often used as the design, edit, and approval medium. Images are placed into the computer by some sort of capture device, such as a camera or scanner, modified by the computer operator, and sent on to a printer or color separation generator, or even to a paint dispenser or textile dyer. The color of the final product is to have some well-defined relationship to the original. The most common medium for establishing the relationship between input, edit, and output color (device-independent color space) is the CIE tristimulus space. This guide identifies the procedures for deriving a model that relates the digital computer settings of a VDU to the CIE tristimulus values of the colored light emitted by the primaries.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical materials are often used as the entire ceiling of rooms and are therefore an important component of the lighting system. The luminous reflectance of all important components must be known in order to predict the level of illumination that will be obtained.  
5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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