ASTM D1094-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the presence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume change and on the fuel-water interface.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard involves the use of hazardous chemicals identified in Section 7. Before using this standard, refer to suppliers' safety labels, Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1094–00
Standard Test Method for
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Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pres- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and 3.1.1 film, n—thin, translucent layer that does not adhere to
turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume the wall of the glass cylinder.
change and on the fuel-water interface. 3.1.2 lace, n—fibers thicker than hairlike shred or of which
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the more than 10 % are interlocking, or both.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.3 loose lace or slight scum, or both (Table 2, Rating 3),
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- n—an assessment that the fuel/buffer solution interface is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- covered with more than 10 % but less than 50 % of lace or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard scum that does not extend into either of the two layers.
involvestheuseofhazardouschemicalsidentifiedinSection7. 3.1.4 scum, n—layer thicker than film or that adheres to the
Before using this standard, refer to suppliers’ safety labels, wall of the glass cylinder, or both.
Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature. 3.1.5 shred, n—hairlike fibers of which less than 10 % are
interlocking.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 shred, lace or film at interface (Table 2, Rating 2),
2.1 ASTM Standards: n—an assessment that fuel/buffer solution interface contains
D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
more than 50 % clear bubbles or some but less than 10 %
2
Evaporation shred, lace, film or both.
D 611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
3.1.7 tight lace or heavy scum, or both (Table 2, Rating 4),
2
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
n—an assessment that the fuel/buffer solution interface is
3
D 1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes covered with more than 50 % of lace or scum, or both, that
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of
extends into either of the two layers or forms an emulsion, or
2
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel both.
D 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
3.1.8 water reaction interface conditions rating, n—a quali-
2
Ignition Engine Fuel tative assessment of the tendency of a mixture of water and
D 3948 Test Methods for Determining Water Separation
aviation turbine fuel to form interface films or precipitates.
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable 3.1.9 water reaction separation rating, n— a qualitative
4
Separometer
assessment of the tendency of insufficiently cleaned glassware
2.2 IP Standard: to produce emulsions or precipitates, or both, in separated fuel
IP Standard Test Methods Vol 2, Appendix B, Specification
and water layers.
5
for Petroleum Spirits 3.1.10 water reaction volume change, n—a qualitative in-
dication of the presence in aviation gasoline of water-soluble
components.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4. Summary of Test Method
D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
4.1 A sample of the fuel is shaken, using a standardized
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
technique, at room temperature with a phosphate buffer solu-
published as D 1094–50. Last previous edition D 1094–99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
tion in scrupulously cleaned glassware. The cleanliness of the
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
glass cylinder is tested. The change in volume of the aqueous
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
layer and the appearance of the interface are taken as the water
Available from the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London,
W1M 8AR. reaction of the fuel.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1094–00
5. Significance and Use 8.1.1 Remove traces of oil from the graduated cylinder and
stopper by flushing with hot tap water, brushing if necessary.
5.1 When applied to aviation gasoline, water reaction vol-
Alternately, remove all traces
...
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