ASTM D4520-03

Standard Practice for Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site Floods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The injectivity of a water is best determined by measurements as near to the well as possible to minimize changes in water properties due to air contact and time. This practice describes how core flow tests are carried out near the well.
This practice permits the differentiation of permeability losses from the effects of chemical interaction of water and rock and from the effects of plugging by suspended solids. The procedure can be utilized to estimate the chemical and filtration requirements for the full-scale injection project.
Application of the test results to injection wells requires consideration of test core selection and geometry effects.
This practice as described assumes that the water does not contain free oil or other immiscible hydrocarbons. The presence of free oil would require the method to be modified to account for the effect of oil saturation in the test cores on the water permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-site core flood tests to determine the filtration and chemical treatment requirements for subsurface injection of water.,
1.2 This practice applies to water disposal, secondary recovery, and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicable to injection waters with all ranges of total dissolved solids contents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4520-95(1999) - Standard Practice for Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site Floods
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4520-03(2008) - Standard Practice for Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site Floods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4520–03
Standard Practice for
Determining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-Site
1
Floods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* API RP40 Recommended Practice for Core-Analysis Pro-
5
cedure
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-site
core flood tests to determine the filtration and chemical
3. Terminology
,
2 3
treatment requirements for subsurface injection of water.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This practice applies to water disposal, secondary re-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to water and water
covery, and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicable to
chemistry, refer to Terminology D 1129. Refer to Terminology
injection waters with all ranges of total dissolved solids
D 653 for definitions relating to soil and rock.
contents.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 filtration requirement—the maximum suspended sol-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ids size (in micrometres) allowed in an injection water to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minimize formation plugging.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 test core—a sample cut from a full core that has been
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
recovered from the formation into which water is injected.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.3 permeability—the capacity of a rock (or other porous
4
medium) to conduct liquid or gas. It is measured as the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
proportionality constant between flow velocity and hydraulic
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, De-
gradient.
sign, and Construction Purposes
3.2.4 pore volume—the volid volume of a porous medium
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
that can be saturated with the transmitted fluid.
Fluids
3.2.5 porosity—the ratio, usually expressed as a percentage
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
of the volume of voids of a given soil, rock mass, or other
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
porous medium to the total volume of the soil, rock mass, or
(Constant Head)
other porous medium.
D 4404 Test Method for Determination of Pore Volume and
3.2.6 rock-water interaction—a reaction between a porous
Pore Volume Distribution of Soil and Rock by Mercury
rock and the injected water causing precipitation or swelling or
Intrusion Porosimetry
release of fines (clays) within the rock.
2.2 American Petroleum Institute Standards:
API RP27 Recommended Practice for Determining Perme-
4. Summary of Practice
5
ability of Porous Media
4.1 This practice assumes that the injection water has been
characterized in terms of dissolved and suspended solids
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and contents (including hydrocarbons and other organics as appli-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in
cable) by established standard practices and methods.
Water.
4.2 Test core material is selected by consultation between
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally
geologists and engineers and prepared for the tests by standard
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4520 – 95 (1999).
2
Farley,J.T.,andRedline,D.G.,“EvaluationofFloodWaterQualityintheWest
practices.
Montalvo Field,” Journal Petroleum Technology, July 1968, pp. 683–687.
4.3 In the on-site core flood the permeability of the test core
3
McCune, C. C., “On-Site Testing to Define Injection Water Quality Require-
is monitored to detect interactions between the formation rock
ments,” Journal Petroleum Technology, January 1977, pp. 17–24.
4
andtheinjectionwater.Thewaterisfilteredatvariouslevelsto
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
determine the filtration required (in micrometres) to minimize
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5
AvailablefromAmericanPetroleumInstitute,1220LSt.,NW,Washington,DC
20005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4520–03
permeability loss (damage) from suspended solids. Backflow- 6.2.1 Dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the pres
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