ASTM D445-10

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid.
Note 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
Note 2—ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445.  
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2010
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation: D445 – 10
Designation: 71/1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
1
(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nation of the kinematic viscosity, n, of liquid petroleum
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a
calibratedglasscapillaryviscometer.Thedynamicviscosity, h,
2. Referenced Documents
can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, n,by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the density, r, of the liquid.
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
NOTE 2—ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445.
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnom-
are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the
eter
viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary
diameters.The procedure and precision values for residual fuel
Pycnometer
oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian
D2162 PracticeforBasicCalibrationofMasterViscometers
behavior, have been included.
and Viscosity Oil Standards
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
2
method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1)atall
(Bitumens)
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been
D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
Capillary Viscometer
temperaturesasshowninthefootnotestotheprecisionsection.
D6071 Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectros-
standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic
copy
2
viscosity is mm /s, and the SI unit used in this test method for
D6074 Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant
2 -6
dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm /s=10
Base Oils
2
m /s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s=1cP= 0.001 Pa·s.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
2
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D445–09. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D0445-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D445 – 10
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation:D445–09 Designation: D445 – 10
Designation: 71/1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
1
(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, n, of liquid petroleum products, both
transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary
viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, h, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, n, by the density, r, of the liquid.
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
NOTE 2—ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to
liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity
varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The
procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been
included.
2
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1) at all
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is
2 2 -6 2
mm /s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm/s=10 m /s = 1 cSt
and 1 mPa·s=1cP= 0.001 Pa·s.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
D1481 TestMethodforDensityandRelativeDensity(SpecificGravity)ofViscousMaterialsbyLipkinBicapillaryPycnometer
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens)
D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved JulyOct. 1, 2009.2010. Published August 2009.November 2010. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
D445–06. D445–09. DOI: 10.1520/D0445-10.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. DOI: 10.1520/D0445-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D445 – 10
D6071 Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity Water by Graphite Furnace Atom
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