ASTM D4048-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the tendency of lubricating grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It may be of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have been established. It does not measure either the ability of the lubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors other than the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of the grease in the presence of copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of lubricating grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
General Information
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Designation: D4048 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2.1 Discussion—Acidic and other aggressive species, of-
ten sulfur-based, in a lubricant can attack copper or copper
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosive-
alloys present in bearings or other lubricated surfaces. The
ness to copper of lubricating grease.
presence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
well-defined series of color changes.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.3 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two sur-
only.
faces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
priate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
commonly included to impart special properties.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Aprepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sample
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
of grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specified
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
temperature for a definite period of time. Commonly used
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
conditionsare100 61°C(212 62°F)for24h 65min.Atthe
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
end of this heating period, the strip is removed, washed, and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
Products, and Lubricants
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
5. Significance and Use
3
Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating
grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It
3. Terminology
maybeofsomevalueinpredictingpossiblechemicalattackon
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175. lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper
alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature
3.2 copper corrosion, n—effect of a chemical attack on
bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field
coppermetalbyalubricantcausingvariouslevelsoftarnishing
service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have
and change in appearance.
been established. It does not measure either the ability of the
lubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors other
than the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
grease in the presence of copper.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
NOTE 1—Because this test method requires the ability to determine
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally
subtle differences in color of copper strips, persons with certain types of
published in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4048–02(2008).
color blindness may find it difficult to accurately comparre a test strip to
DOI: 10.1520/D4048-10.
2 the Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 6. Apparatus
the ASTM website.
3
6.1 Test Jars—Cloud and pour jars, cylindrical jars of clear
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
3 5
ADJD0130. Originally produced in 1973. glasswithflatbottoms,30mmto33.5-mm(1 ⁄16in.to1 ⁄16in.)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4048 − 10
1 1
inside diameter, and 115 mm to 125 mm (4 ⁄2 in. to 5 in.) in ⁄4 in.) long from sm
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4048–02 (Reapproved 2008) Designation: D4048 – 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of lubricating grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
3. Terminology
3.1There are no terms in this test method that require new or other than dictionary definitions.
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175.
3.2 copper corrosion, n—effect of a chemical attack on copper metal by a lubricant causing various levels of tarnishing and
change in appearance.
3.2.1 Discussion—Acidic and other aggressive species, often sulfur-based, in a lubricant can attack copper or copper alloys
present in bearings or other lubricated surfaces. The presence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in a well-defined
series of color changes.
3.3 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.4 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
3.4.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface
tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A prepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sample of grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specified
temperature for a definite period of time. Commonly used conditions are 100 6 1°C (212 6 2°F) for 24 h 6 5 min. At the end
of this heating period, the strip is removed, washed, and compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricating grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It may be
of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper alloys.
Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field service, most of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0.01
on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008.2010. Published September 2008.July 2010. Originally published in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D4048–02(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4048-02R08.10.1520/D4048-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD0130. Originally produced in 1973.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4048 – 10
which are under dynamic conditions, have been established. It does not measure either the ability of the lubricant to inhibit copper
corrosion caused by factors other than the lubricant itself nor does it measure th
...
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