ASTM C577-99

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeability of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable specimens can be cut, at room temperature.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C577-07 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 577–99
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeabil-
ity of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable
specimens can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A—Flowmeter (3 to 80 cm /min) G—Mercury Manometer
B—Flowmeter (10 to 180 cm /min) H—Needle Valve
C 1095 Practice for Calculating Precision Data on Refrac-
2 C—Flowmeters (100 to 1500 cm /min) J—Pressure-Release Valve
tories (C08) from Interlaboratory Test Results
D—Flowmeters (500 to 9000 cm /min) K—Gasket Holder
E—Drying Tubes L—Hydraulic Jack
3. Significance and Use
F—Water Manometer M—Pressure Regulator
N—Gas Supply (Permeating Medium)
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of
FIG. 1 Permeability Apparatus
air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to
thus determine the permeability of tested products.
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development
4.1.1 Permeating Medium, air or nitrogen with regulator-
for establishing the relative permeability of products within
controlled inlet pressure.
comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable
4.1.2 Drier Tubes, each filled with a desiccant and strainer;
products for design purposes and to establish permeability
used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before entering
criteria for specification acceptance.
the flowmeters.
3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in
4.1.3 Flowmeters—They will measure the flow of permeat-
different directions and different parts of a refractory due to
ing media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm /min. The
factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution,
flowmeters may be calibrated to read the flow directly of either
and heat treatment.
air or nitrogen. The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig.
4. Apparatus
1.
4.1.4 Manometers—One of the manometers, mercury or
4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system for
water, shall be used to measure the differential pressure across
testing 2 in. (51 mm) cubes held in a pressurized rubber gasket,
the specimen.
with means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gas
4.1.5 Rubber Specimen-Sealing Gasket—The gasket (Fig.
flow. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 illustrate a suitable apparatus.
2) is made to fit tightly arounda2by2by2in.(51by51by
The apparatus consists of the following components:
51 mm) test specimen. The two tapered metal-gasket holders
(Fig. 3) enclose the rubber gasket, and are compressed with a
hydraulic jack (Fig. 4) to seal the gasket tightly against the test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
specimen.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
5. Specimen Preparation
Current edition approved October 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Origi-
nally published as C 577 – 65 T. Last previous edition C 577 – 96.
5.1 One 2 by 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 by 51 mm) specimen shall
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
be cut from each of four pieces constituting the sample of
The apparatus is described in Eusner, G. R., and Shapland, J. T., “Permeability
material to be tested. The specimen should be cut in such a
of Blast-Furnace Refractories,” Journal, Am. Ceramic Soc., Vol 42, No. 10, 1959,
pp. 459–464. manner as to fit snugly into the gasket.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C577–99
the permeability of specimens that show directional differences
inpermeability,theoriginalsurfacesshallbeidentified,andthe
values determined separately for each direction of gas flow.
5.3 The specimens shall be dried for 16 h at 220 to 230°F
(105 to 110°C) and cooled to room temperature before testing.
After drying, all specimen surfaces shall be blown free of dust
with clean dry air and tested within 4 h.
6. Procedure
6.1 Check the system for leaks. This may be accomplished
by taking readings with an impermeable material in the
specimen holder or by utilizing flowmeters in the line ahead of
the test specimen.
6.2 Place the specimen in the rubber gasket, and enclose it
between the two halves of the gasket holder. Force the halves
of the gasket holder together to seal the specimen in the gasket.
6.3 Pass dried air (or nitrogen) through the specimen to
produce a differential pressure across the specimen of 240 mm
Hg (32.0 kPa) and measure the rate of air (or nitrogen) flow.
Measure the differential pressure with the mercury manometer
and the rate of air flow with a flowmeter which will indicate a
near full-scale reading on the low-pressure side of the speci-
men.
6.4 Also measure the rate of air (or nitrogen) flow for
differential pressures of 140 and 70 mm Hg (18.7 and 9.3 kPa)
SI Equivalents 3
if the rate of air flow does not exceed 9000 cm /min when the
in. 1 15 16 2 4
/
differential pressure across the specimen is 240 mm Hg.
mm 49 51 102
6.5 Iftheair(ornitrogen)flowexceeds9000cm /minwhen
FIG. 2 Rubber Specimen-Sealing Gasket
the differential pressure across the specimen is 240 mm Hg,
measure the rate of flow at d
...