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ASTM D3776-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics. There are four approved options in the measurement of fabric mass per unit area: Option A, Option B, Option C, and Option D. Option A may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade. The second option is Option B which is applicable to a full-width sample cut from a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified, these results will include selvages and will be on the basis of conditioned fabric. Option C on the other hand is applicable when a small swatch of fabric is sent to the laboratory to be used as the test specimen. The results are considered to be applicable to the sample only and not necessarily to the lot from which the sample was taken. Measurements by this method do not include selvages and should be reported as such, unless a selvage allowance is specified. The last option is Option D which is intended for use with narrow fabrics as so designated by the trade.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
1.2 There are four approved options:
1.2.1 Option A - Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
1.2.2 Option B - Full Width Sample (Section 8).
1.2.3 Option C - Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D - Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
1.3 The values either in SI units or U.S. customary units are regarded as standard. U.S. customary units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3776-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3776-09 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM F1138-21 - Standard Specification for Spray Shields for Mechanical Joints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7507-23 - Standard Specification for Woven High Stretch Fabrics Used in Apparel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1670/F1670M-17a - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1388-23 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6337-98(2019) - Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F903-18 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1891-19 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant Rainwear
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D3776-07 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricASTM D3776-07 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
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ASTM D3776-07 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3776–07
Standard Test Methods for
1
Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Methods
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabric 4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimen
mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics. the length and width of which have been measured as directed
1.2 There are four approved options: in one of the procedures in Test Method D 3773 and D 3774.
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
5. Apparatus
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weigh
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10). the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of their
gross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by a
1.3 The values either in SI units or U.S. customary units are
regarded as standard. U.S. customary units may be approxi- recognized authority.
5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh
mate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the within 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.
5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2 2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- least 13 cm or 4 in.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Conditioning
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standard
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: atmosphere for testing textiles (20 6 1°C (70 6 2°F),
65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have been conditioned in
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles the same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition the
D 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric specimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may be
agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rolls
D 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric or bolts of fabric cannot be properly conditioned in a reason-
able time with available facilities, perform the tests without
3. Terminology
conditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at the
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test time of the test. Such results may not correspond with the
Methods, Specific refer to Terminology D 4850. results obtained after testing adequately conditioned specimens
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
weight, as used with fabric
7. OptionA—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
7.1 Significance and Use
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
7.1.1 OptionAforthedeterminationofmassperunitareaof
woven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test
7.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Methods, Specific.
reported test values when using Test Methods D 3776 for
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Replaces
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
Sections 35 to 41 of Methods D 1910 – 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979.
Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3776 – 96(2002).
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3776–07
Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 3 31.000 (8)
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The
...

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4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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