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ASTM D3776-96(2002)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric mass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
1.2 There are four approved options:
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
1.3 The values either in SI units or U.S. customary units are regarded as standard. U.S. customary units may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1996
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3776-96 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Replaced By
ASTM D3776-07 - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D6337-98(2019) - Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM F1138-21 - Standard Specification for Spray Shields for Mechanical Joints
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM F1891-19 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant Rainwear
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM F1670/F1670M-17a - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D7507-23 - Standard Specification for Woven High Stretch Fabrics Used in Apparel
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM F903-18 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D1388-23 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
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ASTM D3776-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricASTM D3776-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
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ASTM D3776-96(2002) - Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3776–96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope also sometimes expressed inversely as linear metres per
kilograms (yards per pound) with the fabric width stated.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric mass
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in these test
per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.
methods, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.2 There are four approved options:
1.2.1 Option A—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.2.2 Option B—Full Width Sample (Section 8).
4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimen
1.2.3 Option C—Small Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).
the length and width of which have been measured as directed
1.2.4 Option D—Narrow Fabrics (Section 10).
in one of the procedures in Test Method D 3773 and D 3774.
1.3 The values either in SI units or U.S. customary units are
regarded as standard. U.S. customary units may be approxi-
5. Apparatus
mate.
5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weigh
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of their
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recognized authority.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
within 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.
5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of at
2. Referenced Documents
2 2
least 13 cm or 4 in.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
6. Conditioning
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.
D 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standard
D 3774 Test Methods for Width of Woven Fabric
atmosphere for testing textiles (20 6 1°C (70 6 2°F),
2.2 Other Standard:
3 65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have been conditioned in
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes
the same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition the
3. Terminology specimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may be
agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rolls
3.1 Definitions:
or bolts of fabric cannot be properly conditioned in a reason-
3.1.1 weight, n—as used with fabrics, mass per unit area.
able time with available facilities, perform the tests without
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Fabric mass per unit area is expressed
conditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at the
either as grams per square metre (ounces per square yard), or
time of the test. Such results may not correspond with the
grams per linear metre (ounces per linear yard). Fabric mass is
results obtained after testing adequately conditioned specimens
in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
7. OptionA—Full Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test
Methods, Specific. 7.1 Significance and Use
CurrenteditionapprovedApril10,1996.PublishedJune1996.ReplacesSections
7.1.1 OptionAforthedeterminationofmassperunitareaof
35 to 41 of Methods D 1910 – 64 (1975). Originally published as D 3776 – 79. Last
woven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-
previous edition D 3776 – 85(1990).
cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
reported test values when using Test Methods D 3776 for
the ASTM website.
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3776–96 (2002)
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
L = length of fabric, in yards, and
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
W = width of fabric, in inches.
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
7.4.4 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
units using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10, as follows:
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
2 2
Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 3 33.906 (8)
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 3 31.000 (9)
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
laboratories should be compared using student’s t-test for m/kg 5 yd/lb 3 2.016 (10)
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its 8. Option B—Full Width Sample
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
8.1 Significance and Use:
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
8.1.1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cut
the known bias.
from a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified,
7.2 Sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take
these results will include selvages and will be on the basis of
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
conditioned fabric.
applicable material specification or other agreement between
8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptance
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
testing of commercial shipments, since Option A is regularly
primary sampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lot
used for that purpose.
sample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.
8.2 Sampling:
7.3 Procedure:
8.2.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cut
take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
by the hand procedure in Test Method D 3773.
applicable material specification or other agreement between
7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of
the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the roll of fabric to be
Option A of Test Method D 3774.
the primary sampling units.
7.3.3 Weigh the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to the
8.2.2 Laboratory Sample—Fromeachrollorpieceinthelot
nearest 0.1 % of its mass.
sample, cut—don’t tear—at least one laboratory sample the
7.3.4 Weigh the holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of its
full width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length.
mass.
The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations or
7.4 Calculations:
bulges, unless both edges have been made to trace parallel
7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtracting
filling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sample
the weight of the holder from the total weight.
is used as the specimen.
7.4.2 Dimensions and mass may all be determined in SI
8.3 Procedure:
units and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2, or Eq
8.3.1 Measurethelengthoftheconditionedspecimenbythe
3, as follows:
hand procedure of Test Method D 3773.
2 3
g/m 5 10 M/LW (1)
8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative of
Option A of Test Method D 3774.
g/m 5 10 M/L (2)
8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance to
m/kg 5 L/M (3)
the nearest 0.1 % of its mass (weight).
where: 8.4 Calculations:
M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,
8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,
L = length of fabric, in metres, and
or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
W = width of fabric, in metres.
otherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 12, Eq 13, or Eq 14, as
7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,
follows:
or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unless
Mass per unit area:
otherwisespecified,usingEq4,Eq5,Eq6,orEq7,asfollows:
oz/yd 5 45.72G/L W (11)
s
Mass per unit area:
Mass per linear yard:
oz/yd 5 576M/LW (4)
oz/yd 5 1.27G/L (12)
s
Linear yards per pound:
Mass per yard:
yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13)
oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)
yd/lb 5 12.6L /G (14)
s
Linear yards per pound:
where:
yd/lb 5 L/M (6)
G = mass of specimen, in grams,
yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7) L = length of specimen, in inches, and
s
W = width of specimen, in inches.
where:
8.4.2 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SI
M = mass of fabric, in pounds,
units using Eq 4, Eq 5, or Eq 6 in 7.4.3.
D3776–96 (2002)
8.4.3 Alternatively, dimensions and mass may all be deter-
L = length of specimen, mm, and
s
mined in SI units and calculated using Eq 15, Eq 16, or Eq 17,
W = width of specimen mm.
s
as follows:
9.5.2 Calculate the mass in ounces per square yard, ounces
Mass per unit area:
per linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significant
2 6
figures using Eq 11 (8.4.1), Eq 19, or Eq 20, as follows:
g/m 5 10 G/
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.  
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative cleaning methods.  
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.  
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a result of refurbishing that are important in determining the acceptability of a textile product.  
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels.  
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1388-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.3 The stiffness of a fabric may change with storage.  
5.4 No evidence has been found showing that bending length is dependent on the width of the test specimen. The tendency for specimens to curl or twist will affect the result, because of the rigidity provided at the edge of the specimen. Consequently, the wider the strip, the less important is the edge effect. For fabrics having only a slight tendency to curl, a 2.5 cm wide strip has been found to be satisfactory. As the tendency to curl increases, this width may be increased (see Note 10).  
5.5 This method differs from Test Method F3260 which requires tracking of...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.  
1.1.1 Option A—Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.  
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.2.1 This method may be used to determine the stiffness of nonwoven materials (for example, hydroentangled, dry laid, needlepunch, resin bonded, thermal, and wet laid) or refer to Test Method D5732. To determine the stiffness of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes), refer to Test Method F3260.  
Note 1: The formula to calculate flexural rigidity in D5732-95 (2001) is incorrect and should not be used. Utilize the formula presented in 11.5 of Test Method D1388.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers...

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ASTM
ASTM D4850-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D737-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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