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ASTM D7325-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N2, Ar , CO2

Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N<sub>2</sub>, Ar , CO<sub>2</sub>

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-541 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-541 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail, and water.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidance and direction to suppliers, purchasers, and users in the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-541.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
Technical Committee
D26 - Halogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents
Drafting Committee
D26.09 - Fire Extinguishing Agents
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7325-07 - Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N<sub>2</sub>, Ar , CO<sub>2</sub>ASTM D7325-07 - Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N<sub>2</sub>, Ar , CO<sub>2</sub>
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ASTM D7325-07 - Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N<sub>2</sub>, Ar , CO<sub>2</sub>
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7325 − 07
StandardPractice for
Handling, Transportation, and Storage of IG-541 N ,Ar ,
CO
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope CFR Title 49, Part 173 , U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT) Specifications, Shippers-General Requirements for
1.1 This practice covers guidance and direction to suppliers,
Shipping and Packagings
purchasers, and users in the handling, transportation, and
CFR Title 49, Part 178 , U.S. DOT Specifications, Specifi-
storage of IG-541.
cations for Packagings
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
CFRTitle 49, Part 180 , U.S. DOT, Continuing Qualification
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and Maintenance of Packagings
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Terminology
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Containers, n—storage vessels for IG-541.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 Cylinders, v—containers of IG-541.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 IG-541, n—N ,Ar,CO ; a compound used to inert or
2 2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
suppress a fire or explosion hazard.
3.1.4 Insulated, adj—placed in an isolated situation to
2. Referenced Documents
protect and prevent the transfer of damage.
2.1 CGA Standards
C-1 Methods for Hydrostatic Testing of Compressed Gas 4. Significance and Use
Cylinders
4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling,
C-4 American National Standard Method of Marking Por-
transportation, and storage of IG-541 encountered in distribu-
table Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material
tion through both commercial and military channels. It is
Contained
intended to ensure that IG-541 is handled, transported, and
C-6 Standards for Visual Inspection of Steel Compressed
stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not
Gas Cylinders
degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not
C-7 Guide to Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and
limited to, highway, rail, and water.
Marking of Compressed Gas Containers
5. Practice
P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers
2.2 U.S. Government Standards:
5.1 To ensure safe handling, loading, unloading, storing,
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40 , Part 82.106
and transporting of material, personnel shall be trained in the
CFR Title 49, Part 172 , U.S. Department of Transportation
CGA Standards C-1, C-4, C-6, C-7 and P-1 and CFR Title 40,
(DOT), Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions,
Part82.106,CFRTitle49,Part172,CFRTitle49,Part172.101
Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Re-
and CFR Title 49, Part 173, CFR Title 49, Part 178 and CFR
sponse Information, and Training Requirements
Title 49, Part 180.
CFRTitle 49, Part 172.101 , U.S. DOT,Tables of Hazardous
5.2 Handling:
Materials and Special Provisions
5.2.1 Handling shall be in accordance with CGA P-1.
5.2.1.1 Personnel who handle or store, or both, cylinders of
IG-541 shall be trained properly to recognize and identify the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on Haloge-
characteristics of the product and the proper methods of safely
nated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D26.09 on Fire Extinguishing Agents.
handling full, partially full, and empty cylinders.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
5.2.2 Facility personnel must be trained in applicable CFR
D7325-07.
Title 49, Parts 173 and 178, and the CGA documents refer-
Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com. enced in 2.1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7325 − 07
5.2.3 IG-541 handling shall be in nonsmoking, heater-free, containers. Unique coatings or preservatives applied prior to
ventilated areas to preclude product accumulation. Provisions shipmen
...

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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-100 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-100 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail and water.
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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-541 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-541 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail, and water.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The equipment, test duration, and technique should be determined before commencement of the test based on the required test sensitivity or accuracy (see Annex A1 and Annex A2). If the test is used to certify that the vessel has a minimum specified leakage rate, then the test equipment and test duration should be chosen to have a resolution ten times less than the specification and an accuracy which is four times less than the specification. The test should be designed so that the total pressure change is less than 10 % of the starting pressure. Leak test specifications should specify the vessel test pressure or differential pressure. If the test specification does not specify a test pressure, then a safe test pressure should be used that complies with the applicable safety standards8.
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1.1 This practice describes a method for determining the leakage rate of a vessel subject to a positive pressure difference. The technique is based upon evaluation of the change of mass within the test object based on a pressure decay measurement. The pressure decay measurement uses the ideal gas equation of state and the measured pressures, temperatures, and time to determine the mass loss from the vessel. This method does not apply to deformable vessels.  
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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-541 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-541 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail, and water.
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ABSTRACT
This practice details the basic procedures for the safe handling and transfilling of small (not bulk) paintball compressed air cylinders commonly used with a paintball marker for propulsion of a paintball. It does not address issues related to the transfilling, storage, and handling of supply cylinders that may be used in transfilling smaller cylinders. Included herein are general safety considerations, requirements for fill stations, and compressed air/nitrogen fill procedures for the pressure cylinder transfilling method most commonly used by paintball fields or store operators, or both.
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1.1 This practice is intended to satisfy the demand for information on the basic procedures for the safe handling and transfilling of small (not bulk) paintball compressed air cylinders commonly used with a paintball marker for propulsion of a paintball. This standard does not address issues dealing with the transfilling, storage, and handling of supply cylinders that may be used in transfilling smaller cylinders.  
1.2 The compressed air fill procedures are written for the pressure cylinder transfilling method most commonly used by paintball field or store operators, or both.  
1.3 This document should not be confused with federal, state, provincial, or municipal specifications or regulations; insurance requirements; or national safety codes.  
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ASTM E2982-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

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4.1 The goal of the NDT is to detect defects that have been implicated in the failure of the COPV metal liner, or have led to leakage, loss of contents, injury, death, or mission, or a combination thereof. Liner defects detected by NDT that require special attention by the cognizant engineering organization include through cracks, part-through cracks, liner buckling, pitting, thinning, and corrosion under the influence of cyclic loading, sustained loading, temperature cycling, mechanical impact and other intended or unintended service conditions.
Note 3: Liners made from stainless steel and nickel-based alloys exhibit a higher damage resistance to impact than those made from aluminum.
Note 4: Safe life is the goal for any COPV so that a through crack in the liner will not develop during the service life.
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1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
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1.3 The vessels covered by this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, examination requirements for discontinuities and inspection points will in general be different and more stringent than for vessels used in non-aerospace applications.  
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Note 1: Some vessels are evacuated during filling operations, requiring the tank to withstand external (atmospheric) pressure.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset) (Fig. 1). Metallic liners may be spun-formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fibers). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides, and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are FM-73, urethane, West 105, and Epon 862 with thicknesses ranging from 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.38 mm (0.015 in.). Metallic liner and composite overwrap materials requirements are found in ANSI/AIAA S-080 and ANSI/AIAA S-081, respectively.  
Note 6: When carbon fiber is used, galvanic protection should be provided for the metallic liner using a physical barrier such as glass cloth in a resin matrix, or similarly, a bond line adhesive.
Note 7: Per the discretion of the cognizant engineering organization, composite materials not developed and qualified in accordance with the guidelines in MIL-HDBK-17, Volumes 1 and 3 should have an approved material usage agreement.
FIG. 1 Typical Carbon Fiber Reinforced COPVs (NASA)  
4.2 The as-wound COPV is then cured and an autofrettage/proof cycle is performed to evaluate performance and increase fatigue characteristics.  
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1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities and accumulated damage in the composite overwrap of filament wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 % by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
1.2 This guide focuses on COPVs with nonload-sharing metallic liners used at ambient temperature, which most closely represents a Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Type III metal-lined composite tank. However, it also has relevance to (1) monolithic metallic pressure vessels (PVs) (CGA Type I), (2) metal-lined hoop-wrapped COPVs (CGA Type II), (3) plastic-lined composite pressure vessels (CPVs) with a nonload-sharing liner (CGA Type IV), and (4) an all-composite, linerless COPV (undefined Type). This guide also has relevance to COPVs used at cryogenic temperatures.  
1.3 The vessels covered by this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, the inspection requirements for discontinuities and inspection points will in general be different and more stringent than for vessels used in non aerospace applications.  
1.4 This guide applies to (1) low pressure COPVs used for storing aerospace media at maximum allowable working pressures (MAWPs) up to 3.5 MPa (500 psia) and volumes up to 2 L (70 ft3), and (2) high pressure COPVs used for storing compressed gases at MAWPs up to 70 MPa (10 000 psia) and volumes down to 8 L (500 in.3). Internal vacuum storage or exposure is not considered appropriate for any vessel size.
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Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that apply to rolled steel plates for pressure vessels. The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace process. Sampling and methods for chemical analysis are discussed. Yield strength tests, tension tests, and notch-toughness tests shall be made in accordance to the product specification to conform to the specified requirements.
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1.1 This general requirements specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, apply to rolled steel plates for pressure vessels covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM DesignationA    
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel  
A203/A203M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum  
A204/A204M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Vanadium-Nickel  
A225/A225M  
Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate  
A263  
Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate  
A264  
Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate  
A265  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and
Intermediate-Tensile Strength  
A285/A285M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon  
A299/A299M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel  
A302/A302M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-
Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel  
A353/A353M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum  
A387/A387M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength
Manganese  
A455/A455M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate-
and Higher-Temperature Service  
A515/A515M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Moderate- and
Lower-Temperature Service  
A516/A516M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength,
Quenched and Tempered  
A517/A517M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-
Molybdenum-Nickel  
A533/A533M  
Title of Specification  
ASTM DesignationA    
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel  
A537/A537M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-
Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium  
A542/A542M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum  
A543/A543M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered 7, 8, and 9 % Nickel  
A553/A553M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-
Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic Coatings  
A562/A562M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength, for
Moderate and Lower Temperature Service  
A612/A612M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 % and 51/2 % Nickel Alloy
Steels, Specially Heat Treated  
A645/A645M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service  
A662/A662M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, Quenched and Tempered, for Welded Pressure
Vessels  
A724/A724M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-Carbon Age-Hardening
Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium
(Niobium) Alloy Steel  
A736/A736M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel  
A737/A737M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower
Temperature Service  
A738/A738M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium  
A832/A832M  
Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)  
A841/A841M  
Steel Plates, 9 % Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels,
Produced by the Direct-Quenching Process  
A844/A844M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Tungsten  
A1017/A1017M  
1.1.1...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 An AE examination should not be performed for a period of one year after a common hydrostatic test. See Note 2.
Note 2: The Kaiser effect relates to decreased emission that is expected during a second pressurization. Common hydrostatic tests use a relatively high pressure (167 % of normal service pressure). (See Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations.) If an AE examination is performed too soon after such a pressurization, the AE results will be insensitive to a lower examination pressure (that is, the lower pressure that is associated with an AE examination).  
5.3 Pressurization:  
5.3.1 General practice in the gas industry is to use low pressurization rates. This practice promotes safety and reduces equipment investment. The AE examinations should be performed with pressurization rates that allow vessel deformation to be in equilibrium with the applied load. Typical current practice is to use rates that approximate 3.45 MPa/h [500 psi/h].  
5.3.2 Gas compressors heat the pressurizing medium. After pressurization, vessel pressure may decay as gas temperature equilibrates with ambient conditions.  
5.3.3 Emission from flaws is caused by flaw growth and secondary sources (for example, crack surface contact and contained mill scale). Secondary sources can produce emission throughout vessel pressurization.  
5.3.4 When pressure within a vessel is low, and gas is the pressurizing medium, flow velocities are relatively high. Flowing gas (turbulence) and impact by entrained particles can produce measurable emission. Considering this, acquisition of AE d...
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1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.  
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.  
1.3 This practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.  
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice. See Note 1.  
Note 1: Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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