ASTM D5000-89(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine whether the useful life of the clay has been exceeded in canister or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration units of aviation fuel handling systems.
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test Methods D3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule installed in a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that receives a fixed ratio of the same fuel that flows through the clay elements in the vessel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D5000–89(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream
Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Calcined clay is a widely used adsorptive medium for removing polar contaminants and additives
from petroleum fluids. In refineries, clay is installed in large bed-type vessels to refine products such
as lubricants or aviation turbine fuel. In the field, clay is usually used in canister or bag type elements
installed as a bank of elements in a vessel to remove traces of contaminants, particularly from
non-additive jet fuel immediately before delivery to an airport.
1. Scope D 3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine
Separometer
whethertheusefullifeoftheclayhasbeenexceededincanister
or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration
3. Terminology
units of aviation fuel handling systems.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test
3.1.1 surfactants—surface active molecular species that
Method D 3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule
exhibit both water soluble and oil soluble properties, and affect
installed in a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that
the physical behavior at the interface between water and oil
receives a fixed ratio of the same fuel that flows through the
phases by forming emulsions or changing the wetting charac-
clay elements in the vessel.
teristics of solid surfaces exposed to water and oil.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.1 active limit—the Micro-Separometer (MSEP) rating
only.
byTest Method D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor that
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
represents low surfactant content and therefore continued
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
activity of the clay for absorption.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 clay—a naturally occurring mineral, largely hydrous
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
aluminum silicate, calcined at high temperature to remove
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water and volatile matter, used in granular form as an adsorp-
2. Referenced Documents tive media for removing polar compounds that are present in
many hydrocarbon fluids.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 clay treatment—a process for exposing fuels and
D 2550 MethodofTestforWaterSeparationCharacteristics
blending components at ambient temperatures to granulated
of Aviation Turbine Fuels
calcined clay in order to remove polar impurities such as
D 3602 TestMethodforWaterSeparationCharacteristicsof
surfactants.
Aviation Turbine Fuels
3.2.4 deactivation of clay media—results when adsorptive
surfaces are no longer capable of adsorbing polar species and
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum improving the quality of the feed stream.
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0 on
3.2.5 deactive limit—the MSEP rating by Test Method
Aviation Fuels.
D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor that represents high
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
surfactant content and therefore the deactivation of the clay for
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5000–89(2000).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
adsorption.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.6 sidestream—flow system that parallels the main flow
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
stream into and out of a unit, such as a vessel, holding filter
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. elements but usually operating at a lower flow rate.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5000–89 (2005)
FIG. 1 Schematic of Clay Sidestream Sensor Installation
4. Summary of Practice
FIG. 2 Clay Side-Stream Sensor
4.1 A sample of the clay from the element installed in a
ground clay treatment vessel is placed into a clay holder that is
then mounted in a sidestream cabinet that receives main fuel
5.3 To avoid such failures, a small sample of clay in a clay
flow through an inlet probe at a rate proportional to main line
holder contained in a sidestream installation that receives flow
flow.After preconditioning to ensure that flow is not bypassing
proportional to the main stream flow is evaluated periodically
the holder, it is placed on-stream to monitor the clay elements
usingareferencefuel containingaknownsurfactant.Whenthe
in the main vessel.
rating of the reference fuel by Test Method D 3948 indicates
4.2 At intervals of two to eight weeks depending on
that the capsule clay is becoming spent, the elements in the
surfactant levels experienced in the system, the clay holder is
main filter vessel are ready for change.
removed and tested twice in the Mark V deluxe or two-speed
Micro-separometer with reference fuel containing a specified
6. Apparatus
surfactant additive. The rating of the reference fuel from the
6.1 Sidestream Sensor, consisting of the following compo-
clay holder by Test Method D 3948 determines whether the
nents as illustrated in Fig. 2:
clay is deactivated or still capable of adsorbing surfactants. In
6.1.1 Inlet Probe, metal line and valve to the cabinet,
the latter case, the clay holder is returned to the sidestream
6.1.2 Metal Line and Valve, from the cabinet,
cabinet and monitoring continues.
6.1.3 Cabinet, Flow Meter, accurate to 65%,
4.3 If the rating suggests that clay is spent, the elements are
6.1.4 Clay Holder and Air Bleed, contained in the sensor
changed and a fresh clay holder is installed.Aplot or record of
cabinet, and
successive periodic tests is desirable to anticipate changes of
6.1.5 Clay Cone Insert, (test capsule).
clay elements or to increase testing frequency. (Fig. 1 is a
6.2 Micro-Separometer, Mark V deluxe or two-speed.
schematic of a sidestream sensor installation around a clay
6.3 Clay Holder Bracket, and tubing assembly.
treating vessel).
NOTE 1—The sensor cabinet and probes are installed across the inlet
5. Significance and Use and effluent of the clay treating vessel being monitored. The inlet probe
mayconsistofashort6.4mm( ⁄4in.)diametertubethatprotrudesintothe
5.1 Clay elements are widely used in aviation fuel handling
moving stream of fluid.
systems to adsorb polar contaminants that are picked up in
shipments by tanker, barge, or pipeline from refineries to
7. Reagents and Materials
terminals, airports, or both. Some of these contaminants such
7.1 Reference Fluid Base, is fuel from the fuel supply
as surfactants interfere with efficient operation of filter-
system under evaluation. In the event the fuel contains addi-
separator units that remove water from fuel.
tivesorhasaWSIMlessthan96thefuelshouldbeclaytreated
5.2 In order to determine whether the clay elements are
as described in Test Method D 3948.
spent, it is necessary to test fuel both into and out of clay
7.2 Dispersing Agent, is a toluene solution containing 1 mg
treatment vessels frequently. Clay elements must be changed
of solid (100 % dry) bis 2 ethyl hexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
when no improvement in quality is noted. Unless carried out
per mL of toluene.
frequently, such testing may not disclose a deactivated clay
treatment vessel in time to prevent failure of downstream
filter/separators.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Gammon Technical Products, 235 Parker Avenue, Manasquan, NJ 08736. If you
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
The MarkVdelux or two-speed Micro-Separometer, is available from EMCEE International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34292. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5000–89 (2005)
NOTE—Insert cone spacer, (large end of cone on top). Pour clay into
cavity. Repeatedly, tap holder and add clay until level with top of cone.
FIG. 4 Clay Cone Spacer
8.2.4 Filter Paper or Media Migration Barrier from Clay
Element.
8.2.5 Gasket—(An additional gasket, as shown, may be
added to assure a leak tight fit. The gasket hole should be of
approximately the same size as the top of the cone insert.)
FIG. 3 Clay Holder (Exploded View)
8.2.6 O-Ring Seal.
9. Pre-Conditioning the Clay Holder
7.3 Reference Fuel—consists of dispersing agent in refer-
9.1 The clay holder is tested to ensure that flow will not
ence fluid base. To produce a MSEP rating by Test Method
by-pass the clay or components. The Test Method D 3948
D 3948 of 40 to 60 about 1 mL/L of dispersing agent is
Mark V Micro-Separometer is used to perform this test as
required in the base.
follows:
9.1.1 Using the two-speed Mark V Micro-Separometer:
8. Preparation of Clay Holder
9.1.1.1 Inordertooperateatthe15sdrive-speedrequiredto
8.1 Clay to fill the clay holder is obtained from a new clay
test the clay holder, it is ne
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