ASTM F1164-97(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The degradation of optical properties of transparent plastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal and replacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in the geometry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remain relatively unchanged after manufacture, while others are subject to gradual change during exposure to the service environment. Factors having an influence on the crazing of transparent plastics include stress, ultraviolet (UV), moisture, and temperature. Sufficient data has been generated to make it evident that real-world conditioning must be experienced by developmental test specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed material to determine durability, prior to in-service usage. However, the laboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especially accelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlation of results obtained for different plastics or from using different exposure apparatus should not be attempted until a valid database has been generated for such cross-correlation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance of transparent plastics exposed to environmental conditioning (accelerated weathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressure cell/test fixture.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F1164–97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated
Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the specimen; and exposing the stressed specimen to specific
accelerated weathering conditions. After conditioning, the
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent
specimen is removed and haze/transmittance are measured to
plastics exposed to environmental conditioning (accelerated
determine any changes in value. Coating adhesion is measured
weathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressure
when applicable.
cell/test fixture.
3.2 The resistance of the plastic to stress-during-weathering
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
is determined by the onset of crazing, the change in haze and
regarded as the standard.
luminous transmittance, and adhesion of coating.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The degradation of optical properties of transparent
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
plastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
replacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in the geom-
2. Referenced Documents etry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remain rela-
tivelyunchangedaftermanufacture,whileothersaresubjectto
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gradual change during exposure to the service environment.
D1003 Test Method for Haze and LuminousTransmittance
Factors having an influence on the crazing of transparent
of Transparent Plastics
plasticsincludestress,ultraviolet(UV),moisture,andtempera-
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring by Tape Test
ture. Sufficient data has been generated to make it evident that
G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
real-worldconditioningmustbeexperiencedbydevelopmental
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
test specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed material
of Nonmetallic Materials
todeterminedurability,priortoin-serviceusage.However,the
G53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
laboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especially
Apparatus(FluorescentUV-CondensationType)forExpo-
3 accelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlation of results
sure of Nonmetallic Materials
obtained for different plastics or from using different exposure
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weath-
apparatus should not be attempted until a valid database has
ering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natu-
been generated for such cross-correlation.
ral Sunlight
5. Apparatus
3. Summary of Test Method
5.1 Manifold Test Fixture—An exploded view of the
3.1 This test method consists of measuring and recording
pressure-cell/test-fixture used to induce a biaxial stress state in
the haze and light transmittance of an unexposed circular plate
aclampedspecimenisillustratedinFig.1.Themountingplate
test specimen; mounting the specimen in the test fixture;
and clamping ring for a 76.2-mm (30-in.) wide three-cell test
pressurizing the fixture to induce the desired biaxial stress in
fixture are detailed in Fig. 2. A 254-mm (10-in.) wide single-
cell fixture or a 508-mm (20-in.) wide double-cell fixture are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
also acceptable.
Aerospace andAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on
5.2 Accelerated Weathering Apparatus:
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
5.2.1 Operating procedures for using water- or light-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F1164–97.
exposure apparatus, or both, employing a Xenon-arc light
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
source to simulate the deterioration caused by accelerated
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G26.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1164–97 (2003)
−3
strain of 2.888 310 m/m (2888 µin./in.); being the equiva-
lent of a 13.8 310 Pa (2000 psi) stress level in the center of
the test specimen.
8.2.2 Knowing y, the pressure required to induce a biaxial
stressof13.8 310 Pa(2000psi)inthecenterofatransparent
specimen of nominal 0.00508 m (0.200 in.) thickness may be
theoretically calculated as follows:
6 2
~13.8 310 !t
SIUnits: M 5 (1)
2000 t
Inch2PoundUnits: M 5 (2)
where:
M = bending moment at plate center (lb-in./in. or N-m/m)
and
t = plate thickness, in. or m.
The desired pressure is as follows:
16 M
P 5 (3)
FIG. 1 Stress Weathering Test Apparatus
a ~11y!
where: a = distance from plate center to clamped
5.2.2 Operating procedures for using fluorescent UV and
edge=0.0984 m (3.875 in.) or
condensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused by
1652 M
SIUnits: P 5 (4)
accelerated weathering exposure shall comply with Practice
11y
G53.
1.065 M
5.2.3 OperatingproceduresforusingFresnel-reflectingcon-
Inch2PoundUnits: P 5 (5)
11y
centratorsemployingthesunasasource,withorwithoutwater
8.3 In accordance with the procedures in 5.2, condition the
spray cycles, to simulate the deterioration caused by acceler-
specimens under stress for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 equivalent years of
ated weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G90.
acceleratedweathering.Usingafluorescentultravioletconden-
5.3 Hazemeter—The Hazemeter shall conform to the re-
sation test chamber with UV B-313 lamps, an operating
quirements of Test Method D1003.
temperature of 48.89°C (120°F), alternate cycles of 7 h UV
6. Test Specimens
followed by5hof condensation, each equivalent year of
natural weathering may be simulated by 168 h of run time.
6.1 Use at least three specimens for each material being
Using
...
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