ASTM F1164-97(2009)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The degradation of optical properties of transparent plastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal and replacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in the geometry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remain relatively unchanged after manufacture, while others are subject to gradual change during exposure to the service environment. Factors having an influence on the crazing of transparent plastics include stress, ultraviolet (UV), moisture, and temperature. Sufficient data has been generated to make it evident that real-world conditioning must be experienced by developmental test specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed material to determine durability, prior to in-service usage. However, the laboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especially accelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlation of results obtained for different plastics or from using different exposure apparatus should not be attempted until a valid database has been generated for such cross-correlation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent plastics exposed to environmental conditioning (accelerated weathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressure cell/test fixture.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1164 − 97(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to Accelerated
Weathering Combined with Biaxial Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in June 2009.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent 3.1 This test method consists of measuring and recording
the haze and light transmittance of an unexposed circular plate
plastics exposed to environmental conditioning (accelerated
weathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressure test specimen; mounting the specimen in the test fixture;
pressurizing the fixture to induce the desired biaxial stress in
cell/test fixture.
the specimen; and exposing the stressed specimen to specific
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
accelerated weathering conditions. After conditioning, the
regarded as the standard.
specimen is removed and haze/transmittance are measured to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determine any changes in value. Coating adhesion is measured
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
when applicable.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 The resistance of the plastic to stress-during-weathering
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
is determined by the onset of crazing, the change in haze and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
luminous transmittance, and adhesion of coating.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The degradation of optical properties of transparent
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
plastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal and
of Transparent Plastics
replacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in the
D3359Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
geometry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remain
G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
relatively unchanged after manufacture, while others are sub-
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
ject to gradual change during exposure to the service environ-
of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-
ment.Factorshavinganinfluenceonthecrazingoftransparent
drawn 2000)
plasticsincludestress,ultraviolet(UV),moisture,andtempera-
G53Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-
ture. Sufficient data has been generated to make it evident that
paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
real-worldconditioningmustbeexperiencedbydevelopmental
sure of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
test specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed material
G90Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
todeterminedurability,priortoin-serviceusage.However,the
ing of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural
laboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especially
Sunlight
accelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlation of results
obtained for different plastics or from using different exposure
apparatus should not be attempted until a valid database has
1 been generated for such cross-correlation.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
Aerospace andAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on
5. Apparatus
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
5.1 Manifold Test Fixture—An exploded view of the
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1164–07(2003).
pressure-cell/test-fixture used to induce a biaxial stress state in
DOI: 10.1520/F1164-97R09E01.
aclampedspecimenisillustratedinFig.1.Themountingplate
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
and clamping ring for a 76.2-mm (30-in.) wide three-cell test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
fixture are detailed in Fig. 2. A 254-mm (10-in.) wide single-
the ASTM website.
cell fixture or a 508-mm (20-in.) wide double-cell fixture is
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. also acceptable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F1164 − 97 (2009)
temperatureforthetestmaterial.Forcoatedmaterial,theouter
tensile test/exposure side of each specimen shall be the coated
surface.
8.2.1 Using 5.334 mm (0.210 in.) thick stretched acrylic,
υ=0.35, and E =3.10×10 Pa (450000 psi), a calibrated
pressure of 80.0×10 Pa (11.6 psi) induced an outer surface
−3
strainof2.888×10 m/m(2888µin./in.);beingtheequivalent
of a 13.8×10 Pa (2000 psi) stress level in the center of the
test specimen.
8.2.2 Knowing υ, the pressure required to induce a biaxial
stress of 13.8×10 Pa (2000 psi) in the center of a transparent
specimen of nominal 0.00508 m (0.200 in.) thickness may be
theoretically calculated as follows:
6 2
~13.8 310 ! t
SIUnits:M 5 (1)
2000t
Inch 2PoundUnits:M 5 (2)
FIG. 1 Stress Weathering Test Apparatus
where:
M = bending moment at plate center (lb-in./in. or N-m/m)
5.2 Accelerated Weathering Apparatus: and
5.2.1 Operating procedures for using water- or light- t = plate thickness, in. or m.
exposure apparatus, or both, employing a Xenon-arc light
The desired pressure is as follows:
source to simulate the deterioration caused by accelerated
16M
weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G26.
P 5 (3)
a ~11υ!
5.2.2 Operating procedures for using fluorescent UV and
condensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused by
where: a = distance from plate center to clamped
accelerated weathering exposure shall comply with Practice
edge=0.0984 m (3.875 in.) or
G53.
1652M
5.2.3 OperatingproceduresforusingFresnel-reflectingcon-
SIUnits:P 5 (4)
11υ
centratorsemployingthesunasasource,withorwithoutwater
spray cycles, to simulate the deterioration caused by acceler-
1.065M
Inch 2PoundUnits:P 5 (5)
ated weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G90.
11υ
5.3 Hazemeter—The Hazemeter shall conform to the re-
8.3 In accordance with the procedures in 5.2, condition the
quirements of Test Method D1003.
specimens under stress for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 equivalent years of
a
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