ASTM C401-12(2018)

Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with different end-use properties. Volume stability, modulus of rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful measures to distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This classification is considered useful for purchase specifications and for quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will develop structural strength by chemical action.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2018
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C401 −12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Classification of
1
Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful
measures to distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate
castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This clas-
castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will
sification is considered useful for purchase specifications and
develop structural strength by chemical action.
for quality control.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Basis of Classification
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Alumina and alumina silicate castable refractories that
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
containahydraulicsettingcementandhaveadensityofgreater
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3 3
than 105 lb/ft (1.68 g/cm ) may be classified by the lime
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
(CaO) content as contributed by the cement.The classifications
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
are shown in Table 1. While this standard only uses the lime
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
content as contributed by cement, other sources of lime may be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
present in the mix and may affect the performance of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
material.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Refractory castables classified as conventional castable
2. Referenced Documents refractories having a modulus of rupture after drying of at least
2
300 psi (2.07 MPa) are normal strength, and those having at
2.1 ASTM Standards:
least 600 psi (4.14 MPa) modulus of rupture are high-strength
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
types. They are further classified on the basis of volume
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
stability of cast test brick when fired at the temperatures
lus of Rupture of Refractories
prescribed in Table 2.
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating 4.3 Insulating Refractory Castables—This class includes
Firebrick insulating castable refractories which are classified on the basis
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens of bulk density of dried cast test brick and volume stability of
by Casting
such test brick when fired at the temperatures prescribed in
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens Table 3.
3. Significance and Use 5. Test Methods
5.1 The properties enumerated in this classification shall be
3.1 Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are
produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with determined in accordance with the following ASTM methods:
5.1.1 ModulusofRupture—Test Methods C133 on test brick
different end-use properties. Volume stability, modulus of
with Practice C862, and after oven drying in accordance with
the Curing of Test Specimens section of Practice C862.
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Specimens should be fired as given in heating schedule of
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E.
Practice C865.
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology, and Classification.
5.1.2 Permanent Linear Change—Test Method C113 on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
specimens prepared in accordance with PracticeC862 and fired
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C401 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/C0401-12R18.
as given in heating schedule of Practice C865.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.3 Bulk Density—Test Methods C134 on test brick pre-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
pared and oven dried in accordance with Practice C862 and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. fired as given in heating schedule of Practice C865.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C401 − 12 C401 − 12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Classification of
1
Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification covers alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories that, when tempered with water, will develop
structural strength by chemical action.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Alumina and alumina-silicate castable refractories are produced to yield property characteristics commensurate with
different end use end-use properties. Volume stability, modulus of rupture, bulk density, and lime content have become useful
measures to distinguish various alumina and alumina-silicate castable formulations for initial fitness for service. This classification
is considered useful for purchase specifications and for quality control.
4. Basis of Classification
4.1 Alumina and alumina silicate castable refractories that contain a hydraulic setting cement and have a density of greater than
3 3
105 lb/ft (1.68 g/cm ) may be classified by the lime (CaO) content as contributed by the cement. The classifications are shown
in Table 1. While this standard only uses the lime content as contributed by cement, other sources of lime may be present in the
mix and may affect the performance of a material.
4.2 Refractory castables classified as conventional castable refractories having a modulus of rupture after drying of at least 300
psi (2.07 MPa) are normal-strength, normal strength, and those having at least 600 psi (4.14 MPa) modulus of rupture are
high-strength types. They are further classified on the basis of volume stability of cast test brick when fired at the temperatures
prescribed in Table 2.
4.3 Insulating Refractory Castables—ThisInsulating Refractory Castables —This class includes insulating castable refractories
which are classified on the basis of bulk density of dried cast test brick and volume stability of such test brick when fired at the
temperatures prescribed in Table 3.
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E. Kopanda
Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology, and Classification.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published April 2012October 2018. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
C401 – 91C401 – 12. (2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0401-12.10.1520/C0401-12R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C401 − 12 (2018)
TABLE 1 Classification of Dense Castable Refractories
Classification Lime (CaO) as contributed by cement
No Cement Castable (NCC) #0.2 %
Ultra-Low Cement Castable (ULCC) >0.2 % and #1.0 %
Low Cement Castables (LCC)
...