ASTM E709-95

Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination

SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle examination, a nondestructive method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle examination may be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance examination.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle examination, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle examination.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic particle examination techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21 ).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair are not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4 ),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.8 ), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide shall be qualified and certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency— If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E 543 is used to perform the examination, the testing agency shall meet the requirements of Practice E 543.
1.7 Table of Contents: SECTIONScope1Scope Description1.1A Reference Document1.2Acceptance Standards for Parts not Covered1.3Magnetic Particle Method Techniques1.4Personnel Qualifications1.5Nondestructive Testing Agency1.6Table of Contents1.7SI Units1.8Safety Caveat1.9Referenced Documents2ASTM Standards2.1SAE Documents2.2ASNT Documents2.3U.S. Government Documents2.4Definitions3Summary of Guide4Principle4.1Method4.2Magnetization4.3Types of Magnetic Particle and Their Use4.4Evaluation of Indications4.5Typical Magnetic Particle Indications4.6Significance and Use5Equipment6Types6.1 SECTIONPortability6.2Yokes6.3Prods6.4Black Light6.5Equipment Verification6.6Examination Area7Light Intensity for Examination7.1Housekeeping7.2Magnetic Particle Materials8Particle Types8.2Particle Characteristics8.3Dry Particles8.4Wet Particle Systems8.5Part Preparation9General9.1Cleaning Examination Surface9.2Sequence of Operations10Sequencing Particle Application and Establishing Magnetic Flux Field10.1Types of Magnetizing Currents11Basic Current Types11.1Part Magnetization Techniques12Examination Coverage12.1Direct and Indirect Magnetization12.2Choosing a Magnetizat...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2001
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E709-01 - Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A354-17e2 - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM B851-04(2020) - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F3125/F3125M-22 - Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts and Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, Inch Dimensions 120 ksi and 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, and Metric Dimensions 830 MPa and 1040 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A193/A193M-23 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A758/A758M-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A703/A703M-20a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A125-96(2018) - Standard Specification for Steel Springs, Helical, Heat-Treated
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E45-18a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A356/A356M-21 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1444/E1444M-22a - Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A691/A691M-19 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A20/A20M-20 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2297-23 - Standard Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 709 – 95 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Magnetic Particle Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope part versus those which need not be removed before part
2
acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair are not permit-
1.1 This guide describes techniques for both dry and wet
ted should be specified.
magnetic particle examination, a nondestructive method for
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic
detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface
particle method techniques.
in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle examination may
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.3),
be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets,
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.4),
blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds,
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.4.8),
regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for
and
preventive maintenance examination.
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.4.8).
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing exami-
preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and tech-
nation to this guide shall be qualified and certified in accor-
niques.
dance with ASNT Qualification and Certification of NDT
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as
Personnel, or SNT-TC-1A, or MIL-STD-410 for military
follows:
purposes, or as specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive
examination, procedures recommended or required by indi-
testing agency as described in Practice E 543 is used to
vidual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their appli-
perform the examination, the testing agency shall meet the
cability and completeness.
requirements of Practice E 543.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and person-
1.7 Table of Contents:
nel concerned in magnetic particle examination.
SECTION
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with
Scope 1
the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes
Scope Description 1.1
magnetic particle examination techniques that are recom-
A Reference Document 1.2
mended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic
Acceptance Standards for Parts not Covered 1.3
materials and widely varying examination requirements. Since
Magnetic Particle Method Techniques 1.4
there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and
Personnel Qualifications 1.5
Nondestructive Testing Agency 1.6
technique, the explicit requirements should be covered by a
Table of Contents 1.7
written procedure (see Section 21).
SI Units 1.8
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify accep-
Safety Caveat 1.9
tance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques.
Referenced Documents 2
It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
ASTM Standards 2.1
been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then
SAE Documents 2.2
evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code, ASNT Documents 2.3
U.S. Government Documents 2.4
specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
Definitions 3
location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration,
Summary of Guide 4
and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific
Principle 4.1
Method 4.2
Magnetization 4.3
1
Types of Magnetic Particle and Their Use 4.4
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nondestructive
Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Magnetic Evaluation of Indications 4.5
Particle and Penetrant Testing.
Typical Magnetic Particle Indications 4.6
Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
Significance and Use 5
published as E 709 – 80. Last previous edition E 709 – 94.
Equipment 6
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Guide
Types 6.1
SE-709 in Section II of that Code.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E 709
SECTION SECTION
Portability 6.2 Precision and Bias 24
Yokes 6.3 Keywords 25
Prods 6.4 Annex
Black Light 6.5
1.8 The numerical values shown in inch-pound units are to
Equipment Verification 6.6
be regarded as the standard. SI units are p
...