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ASTM D7579-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol

Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Pyrolysis liquid can be produced to various char concentrations. Increasing pyrolysis solids content can affect the pyrolysis liquid biofuel handling, atomization and storage stability in a negative manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a filtration procedure for determining the pyrolysis solids content of pyrolysis liquid. It is intended for the analysis of pyrolysis liquid with all ranges of pyrolysis solids concentrations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2009
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7579-09(2013) - Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7544-23 - Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009

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ASTM D7579-09 - Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in MethanolASTM D7579-09 - Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
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ASTM D7579-09 - Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7579 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration
of Solids in Methanol
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This test method describes a filtration procedure for
3.1.1 See also Terminology D4175.
determining the pyrolysis solids content of pyrolysis liquid. It
3.1.2 char, n—fine carbonaceous powder that is separated
is intended for the analysis of pyrolysis liquid with all ranges
from the vapors of biomass during pyrolysis.
of pyrolysis solids concentrations.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Pyrolysis liquid biofuel contains uni-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
formly suspended char at varying concentrations.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 pyrolysis, n—chemical decomposition of organic ma-
standard.
terials by heating in the absence of oxygen.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 pyrolysis liquid biofuel, n—liquid product from the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pyrolysis of biomass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Pyrolysisliquidbiofueliscomprisedof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a complex mixture of the decomposition products of ligno-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
cellulosic biomass including highly oxygenated organic com-
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
pounds. It is produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, followed
them for hazards prior to usage. For specific warning by the rapid condensation of its vapors.
statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.
3.1.5 pyrolysis solids, n—solid particles contained within
the pyrolysis liquid biofuel.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Pyrolysis solids consists of ash and
char.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products
4.1 Apyrolysis liquid sample is dissolved in a methanol and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
dichloromethane solution (1:1), which is then filtered through
Products, and Lubricants
a vacuum filter system. After filtering, the filtrand is washed
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
with the solvent until the filtrate is clear. The filter is removed,
Petroleum Products
dried and weighed. The pyrolysis solids content is calculated
2.2 Other Standards:
based on the original pyrolysis liquid sample.
ESPOO 2001 A guide to physical property characterisation
5. Significance and Use
of biomass-derived fast pyrolysis liquids
5.1 Pyrolysis liquid can be produced to various char con-
centrations. Increasing pyrolysis solids content can affect the
pyrolysis liquid biofuel handling, atomization and storage
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
stability in a negative manner.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
6. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
D7579-09.
6.1 Smooth-tip Forceps.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Beaker, 400 mL.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.3 Glass Stirring Rod.
AvailablefromVTTEnergy,NewEnergyTechnologies,Biologinkuja3–5,P.O.
6.4 Oven, explosion-proof, capable of maintaining a tem-
Box 1601, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2001/
P450.pdf perature of 105 6 3°C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7579 − 09
FIG. 1 Paper Filtration Apparatus
D7579 − 09
6.5 Filtering Flask,1L. 9.5 Add approximately 100 to 200 mL MeOH-DCM solu-
tion (1:1) into the beaker and stir the mixture vigorously to
6.6 Filter Holders, borosilicate glass.
dissolve the pyrolysis liquid in the solvent.
6.7 Filter Membrane, binder free glass microfiber, 1 µm.
9.6 Mount the filter on a dry holder and apply a vacuum.
6.8 Weighing Dish, aluminum.
Mount and securely clamp the filter funnel to the filter holder.
6.9 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.0001 g
9.7 Use methanol to wash the filter paper to properly seal
(0.1 mg) with a range of 300 g.
the latter to the bottom of the funnel.
6.10 Vacuum.
9.8 Filter the solution through the vacuum filter system on 1
µm filter paper. Quickly but carefully poor the solution into the
7. Reagents and Solvents
center of the funnel. Thoroughly wash the beaker with MeOH-
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
DCM solution and return the contents to the funnel. Wash the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
filtrand with methanol until the filtrate runs clear.
...

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Units  
Applicable range  
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Volume %  
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Total saturates  
Volume %  
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Total olefins  
Volume %  
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Oxygenates  
Volume %  
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Oxygen Content  
Mass %  
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Volume %  
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Toluene  
Volume %  
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Volume %  
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Ethanol  
Volume %  
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ETBE  
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TAME  
Volume %  
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TAEE  
Volume %  
0.98 to 15.59
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Serial No. . . . . . . . . . .  
7  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
Name or Application  
Commercial
Propane  
Commercial
Butane  
BB Stream
(Cracked
Butanes)  
Dry Gas
Cracked
Fuel Gas  
Mixed Iso
and Normal
Butanes  
Reformer
Make-Up
Gas  
Unstabi-
lized Fuel
Gas  
Component  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
O  
P  
M  
OC  
PC  
M  
Hydrogen  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
15  
2  
M  
...  
...  
...  
10  
2  
M  
16  
2  
M  
Methane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
14  
16  
M  
...  
...  
...  
9  
16  
M  
15  
16  
M  
EthyleneE  
7  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
12  
26  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
13  
26  
M  
Ethane  
6  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
11  
30  
M  
...  
...  
...  
7  
30  
M  
12  
30  
M  
Propene  
5  
42  
M  
7  
42  
M  
6  
42  
M  
10  
42  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
8  
42  
M  
Propane  
3  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
4  
44  
M  
7  
44  
M  
3  
44  
M  
5  
44  
M  
6  
44  
M  
Butadiene  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
1  
54  
M  
3  
54  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
2  
54  
M  
Butene-1  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
7  
41  
M  
1  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
9  
41  
M  
Butene-2  
1  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
8  
56  
M  
1  
56  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
10  
56  
M  
Isobutene  
1F  
F  
M  
1  
F  
F  
9  
39  
M  
1  
F  
...  
4  
43  
M  
...  
...  
...  
11  
39  
M  
Isobutane  
4  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
5  
43  
M  
8  
43  
M  
1  
58  
M  
6  
43  
M  
7  
43  
M  
n-Butane  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
2  
58  
M  
4  
58  
M  
...  
...  
...  
2  
58  
M  
3  
58  
M  
Pentenes  
...  
...  
...  
6  
70  
M  
G  
70  
U  
9  
70  
M  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
...  
70  
U  
Isopentane  
...  
...  
...  
3  
57  
M  
3  
57  
M  
5  
57  
M  
2  
57  
M  
4  
72  
M  
4  
57  
M  
n-Pentane  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
6  
72  
M  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
...  
5  
72  
M  
Benzene  
...  
...  
...  
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ASTM
ASTM D7579-09(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis Liquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pyrolysis liquid can be produced to various char concentrations. Increasing pyrolysis solids content can affect the pyrolysis liquid biofuel handling, atomization and storage stability in a negative manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a filtration procedure for determining the pyrolysis solids content of pyrolysis liquid. It is intended for the analysis of pyrolysis liquid with all ranges of pyrolysis solids concentrations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7318-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Ethanol is used as a blending agent added to gasoline. Sulfates are indicated in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. When fuel ethanol is burned, sulfates may contribute to sulfuric acid emissions. Ethanol acceptability for use depends on the sulfate content. Sulfate content, as measured by this test method, can be used as one measure of determination of the acceptability of ethanol for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the existent inorganic sulfate content of hydrous, anhydrous ethanol, and anhydrous denatured ethanol, which is added as a blending agent with spark ignition fuels. It is intended for the analysis of denatured ethanol samples containing between 1.0 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg existent inorganic sulfate.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5788-95(2024)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Spiking Organics into Aqueous Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Matrix spiking of samples is commonly used to determine the bias under specific analytical conditions, or the applicability of a test method to a particular sample matrix, by determining the extent to which the added spike is recovered from the sample matrix under these conditions. Reactions or interactions of the analyte or component of interest with the sample matrix may cause a significant positive or negative effect on recovery and may render the chosen analytical, or monitoring, process ineffectual for that sample matrix.  
5.2 Matrix spiking of samples can also be used to monitor the performance of a laboratory, individual instrument, or analyst as part of a regular quality assurance program. Changes in spike recoveries from the same or similar matrices over time may indicate variations in the quality of analyses and analytical results.  
5.3 Spiking of samples may be performed in the field or in the laboratory, depending on what part of the analytical process is to be tested. Field spiking tests the recovery of the overall process, including preservation and shipping of the sample and may be considered a measure of the stability of the analytes in the matrix. Laboratory spiking tests the laboratory process only. Spiking of sample extracts, concentrates, or dilutions will be reflective of only that portion of the process subsequent to the addition of the spike.  
5.4 Special precautions shall be observed when nonlaboratory personnel perform spiking in the field. It is recommended that all spike preparation work be performed in a laboratory by experienced analysts so that the field operation consists solely of adding a prepared spiking solution to the sample matrix. Training of field personnel and validation of their spiking techniques are necessary to ensure that spikes are added accurately and reproducibly. Consistent and acceptable recoveries from duplicate field spikes can be used to document the reproducibility of sampling and the spiking technique....
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general technique of “spiking” aqueous samples with organic analytes or components. It is intended to be applicable to a broad range of organic materials in aqueous media. Although the specific details and handling procedures required for all types of compounds are not described, this general approach is given to serve as a guideline to the analyst in accurately preparing spiked samples for subsequent analysis or comparison. Guidance is also provided to aid the analyst in calculating recoveries and interpreting results. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine whether the methods and materials cited here are compatible with the analytes of interest.  
1.2 The procedures in this guide are focused on “matrix spike” preparation, analysis, results, and interpretation. The applicability of these procedures to the preparation of calibration standards, calibration check standards, laboratory control standards, reference materials, and other quality control materials by spiking is incidental. A sample (the matrix) is fortified (spiked) with the analyte of interest for a variety of analytical and quality control purposes. While the spiking of multiple sample test portions is discussed, the method of standard additions is not covered.  
1.3 This guide is intended for use in conjunction with the individual analytical test method that provides procedures for analysis of the analyte or component of interest. The test method is used to determine an analyte or component's background level and, again after spiking, its now elevated level. Each test method typically provides procedures not only for samples, but also for calibration standards or analytical control solutions, or both. These procedures include preparation, handling, storage, preservation, and analysis techniques. These procedures are applicable by extension, using the analyst's judgement on a case-by-case basis, to spiking solutions, ...

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ASTM
ASTM D7959-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Chloride Content Determination of Aviation Turbine Fuels using Chloride Test Strip

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chloride present in aviation turbine fuel can originate from refinery salt drier carryover or possibly from seawater contamination (for example, product transferred by barge). Elevated chloride levels have caused corrosive and abrasive wear of aircraft fuel control systems leading to engine failure.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid means of determining chloride content of aviation turbine fuel. This methodology is applicable for chloride concentrations between 0 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L. This methodology will not detect chlorine originating from chlorinated organic compounds (that is, covalent bond).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off