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ASTM D4056-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants

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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of water and its vapor in hydrocarbon and aliphatic ester lubricants, at temperatures between 277 and 373 K. The test method is limited to liquids of low to moderate polarity and hydrogen bonding, with predicted solubilities not over 1000 ppm by weight in hydrocarbons, or 30 000 ppm by weight in oxygenated compounds, at 298 K.
1.2 Specifically excluded are olefins, nitriles, nitro compounds, and alcohols.
1.3 This test method is recommended only for liquids not containing widely different chemical species. This excludes blends of esters with hydrocarbons, and lubricants containing detergents, dispersants, rust preventives, or load carrying additives.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4056-00 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D4056-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006

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ASTM D4056-01 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester LubricantsASTM D4056-01 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
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ASTM D4056-01 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4056–01
Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and
1
Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3238 Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution
and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the
3
n-d-M Method
equilibrium solubility of water and its vapor in hydrocarbon
andaliphaticesterlubricants,attemperaturesbetween277and
3. Terminology
373K.Thetestmethodislimitedtoliquidsoflowtomoderate
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
polarity and hydrogen bonding, with predicted solubilities not
3.1.1 charge transfer parameter—the portion of the solu-
over 1000 ppm by weight in hydrocarbons, or 30 000 ppm by
bility parameter not attributed to London or Keesom forces.
weight in oxygenated compounds, at 298 K.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—It includes hydrogen bonds, induced
1.2 Specifically excluded are olefins, nitriles, nitro com-
dipoles, and other quasichemical forces.
pounds, and alcohols.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The square of the solubility parameter
1.3 This test method is recommended only for liquids not
equals the sum of the squares of the three partial parameters.
containing widely different chemical species. This excludes
3.1.2 dispersion parameter—the portion of the solubility
blends of esters with hydrocarbons, and lubricants containing
parameter attributed to London forces.
detergents, dispersants, rust preventives, or load carrying
3.1.3 polar parameter—the portion of the solubility param-
additives.
eter attributed to Keesom (permanent dipole) forces.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.4 solubility parameter—the square root of the cohesive
standard.Values in parentheses are given for information only.
energy density (heat of vaporization minus work of vaporiza-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion, per unit volume of liquid), at 298 K.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Symbols:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C = percentage of aromatic carbons,
A
C = percentage of naphthenic carbons,
N
2. Referenced Documents
d = density of lubricant at 298 K, g/mL,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G = solubility by weight, mg/kg (ppm),
D94 Test Method for Saponification Number of Petroleum
M = molecular weight of lubricant, g/mol,
2
Products n = refractive index of lubricant at 298 K,
D
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive RH = relative humidity,%,
2
S = saponification number, mg of KOH/g of lubricant,
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
T = system temperature, K,
D1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
V = molar volume of lubricant, mL/mol,
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2
x = mole fraction of water in equilibrium mixture,
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
y = Lorentz-Lorenz refractivity function,
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight
0.5
d = dispersion parameter, (MPa) ,
d
(RelativeMolecularMass)ofPetroleumOilsfromViscos-
0.5
P = polar parameter, (MPa) ,
2
ity Measurements
0.5
H = charge transfer parameter, (MPa) ,
f = volume fraction of lubricant in equilibrium mixture,
1
1 and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
f = volume fraction of water in equilibrium mixture.
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D02.11on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approvedAug. 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originally
published as D4056–81. Last previous edition D4056–00.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4056
2 2
4. Summary of Test Method
f 5exp @0.00726 f ~~18.002d ! 12.39 ~15.55
2 1 d
2 2
2 P! 12.39 ~16.27 2 H! ! 1 ~1 218/V!f # (8)
4.1 Data required are the density, refractive index, and 1
molecularweightofahydrocarbon.Thesaponificationnumber
NOTE 1—For hydrocarbons, it may be safely assumed that f =1.00.
1
is also required for an ester. From these are calculated the
However, that can introduce a significant error for some esters, so
carbon distribution fo
...

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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    8 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off