ASTM C273/C273M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The core shear properties are fundamental properties that are used in the design of sandwich panels. This test method provides information on the force-deflection behavior of sandwich constructions or cores when loaded in shear parallel to the plane of the facings. From a complete force-deflection curve, it is possible to compute core shear stress at any force (such as the shear stress at proportional limit, at yield, or at maximum force) and to compute an effective core shear modulus.
5.2 The test does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that secondary stresses have a minimum effect. Approximate shear properties can also be obtained from a sandwich flexure test (see Test Method C393).
5.3 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich core shear data for material specifications, sandwich panel design, research and development applications, and quality assurance.
5.4 Factors that influence core shear strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), adhesive thickness, specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear properties of sandwich construction core materials associated with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a plane normal to the facings. The test may be conducted on core materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C273/C273M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C273/C273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
properties of sandwich construction core materials associated
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
with shear distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers
Resins
the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
sandwich, and the shear modulus associated with strains in a
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
plane normal to the facings.The test may be conducted on core
Materials
materials bonded directly to the loading plates or the sandwich
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
Composite Materials
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
tion
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D5961/D5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of Poly-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
mer Matrix Composite Laminates
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
with the standard.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
brackets.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Lot or Process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASTM Test Methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
Materials
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
C393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
Constructions
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
dence over the other terminologies.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
3.2 Symbols: b = width of specimen
Sandwich Construction.
CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
for a given property (in percent)
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C273 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/C0273_C0273M-16. G = core shear modulus
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
L = length of specimen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
P = force on specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. S = ∆P/ ∆u, slope of initial portion of force-deflection curve
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C273/C273M − 16
S = standard deviation statistic of a sample population for damage induced by improper specimen machining are known
n-1
a given property causes of high data scatter in composites in general. Specific
t = thicknes
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C273/C273M − 11 C273/C273M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C273/C273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear properties of sandwich construction core materials associated with shear
distortion of planes parallel to the facings. It covers the determination of shear strength parallel to the plane of the sandwich, and
the shear modulus associated with strains in a plane normal to the facings. The test may be conducted on core materials bonded
directly to the loading plates or the sandwich facings bonded to the plates. Permissible core material forms include those with
continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as
honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
C393 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich Constructions
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
D5961/D5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011April 1, 2016. Published December 2011April 2016. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20072011
as C273 – 07a.C273 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C0273_C0273M-11.10.1520/C0273_C0273M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C273/C273M − 16
3
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
3
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases (Withdrawn
3
2015)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites.
Terminologycomposit
...
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