ASTM D4859-08
(Specification)Standard Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
Standard Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
ABSTRACT
This specification covers lubricants for two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines that are prone to ring sticking and damage caused by deposit-induced preignition, piston scuff, spark plug fouling, and piston varnish. The engine oils should be tested for performance, ring sticking and piston deposit, lubricity, and preignition.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines, typically other than outboard motors, that are particularly prone to ring sticking, but which are also liable to suffer damage arising from deposit induced preignition, piston scuff, spark plug fouling and piston varnish.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Designation:D4859 −08
StandardSpecification for
Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline
1
Engines-TC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-
Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
1.1 This specification covers lubricants intended for use in
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines, typically
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-
other than outboard motors, that are particularly prone to ring
3
Stroke Engine Oils
sticking, but which are also liable to suffer damage arising
from deposit induced preignition, piston scuff, spark plug
3. Terminology
fouling and piston varnish.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings,aconditioninwhichthe
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ring is free in its groove while the engine is running but stuck
standard.
when the piston is cold, normally indicated by the absence of
varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the ring and of
2. Referenced Documents
signs of blowby on the piston skirt. D4857
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
ity)
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
by Potentiometric Titration
other inserted components. D4858
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
and Additives 3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which the
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
ringisstuckinitsgroovewhiletheengineisrunning,normally
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C indicated by varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products
ring, by signs of blowby on the piston skirt, or both. D4857
by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
3.1.4 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of
lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces
LubricantstoMinimizeRingStickingandPistonDeposits
in relative motion under load. D4863
in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-
3.1.5 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine,ignitionofthe
boards
mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before the
D4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
passage of the spark. D4858
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
3.1.6 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication , damage caused by
Gasoline Engines
instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative
motion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4863
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.7 seizure—in lubrication , welding between surfaces in
D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
relative motion that results in immobilization of the parts.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4859–97(2003).
D4863
DOI: 10.1520/D4859-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street,
the ASTM website. London, W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4859−08
3.1.8 spark plug fouling—deposition of essentially noncon- occurrence in running hours to the nearest 0.1 h. The bench-
ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may, mark reference oil used when testing to this specification is
5
but will not necessarily, prevent the plug from operating. ASTM 601.
D4857
NOTE 1—Find a general description of these benchmark reference oil
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4859–97 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 4859 – 08
Standard Specification for
Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline
1
Engines-TC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverslubricantsintendedforuseintwo-stroke-cyclespark-ignitiongasolineengines,typicallyotherthan
outboardmotors,thatareparticularlypronetoringsticking,butwhicharealsoliabletosufferdamagearisingfromdepositinduced
preignition, piston scuff, spark plug fouling and piston varnish.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
2
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D 4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
D 4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
Engines
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
3
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings,aconditioninwhichtheringisfreeinitsgroovewhiletheengineisrunningbutstuckwhen
thepistoniscold,normallyindicatedbytheabsenceofvarnishorotherdepositsontheouterfaceoftheringandofsignsofblowby
on the piston skirt. D4857
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner surface of the
cylinder head including any spark plugs and other inserted components. D4858
3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which the ring is stuck in its groove while the engine is running, normally
indicated by varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the ring, by signs of blowby on the piston skirt, or both. D4857
3.1.4 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces in
relative motion under load. D4863
3.1.5 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine, ignition of the mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before the
passage of the spark. D4858
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003.Dec. 1, 2008. Published August 2003.January 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19972003
as D 4859–97(2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3
Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4859–08
3.1.6 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication , damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion
which does not result in immobilization of the parts
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4859–97 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 4859 – 08
Standard Specification for
Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition Gasoline
1
Engines-TC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverslubricantsintendedforuseintwo-stroke-cyclespark-ignitiongasolineengines,typicallyotherthan
outboardmotors,thatareparticularlypronetoringsticking,butwhicharealsoliabletosufferdamagearisingfromdepositinduced
preignition, piston scuff, spark plug fouling and piston varnish.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
2
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D 4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
D 4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
Engines
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
3
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings,aconditioninwhichtheringisfreeinitsgroovewhiletheengineisrunningbutstuckwhen
thepistoniscold,normallyindicatedbytheabsenceofvarnishorotherdepositsontheouterfaceoftheringandofsignsofblowby
on the piston skirt. D4857
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner surface of the
cylinder head including any spark plugs and other inserted components. D4858
3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which the ring is stuck in its groove while the engine is running, normally
indicated by varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the ring, by signs of blowby on the piston skirt, or both. D4857
3.1.4 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces in
relative motion under load. D4863
3.1.5 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine, ignition of the mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before the
passage of the spark. D4858
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003.Dec. 1, 2008. Published August 2003.January 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19972003
as D 4859–97(2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3
Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4859–08
3.1.6 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication , damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion
which does not result in immobilization of the parts
...
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