ASTM D4491-99a(2004)

Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the hydraulic conductivity (water permeability) of geotextiles in terms of permittivity under standard testing conditions, in the uncompressed state. Included are two procedures: the constant head method and the falling head method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1999
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4491-99a - Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Replaced By: ASTM D4491-99a(2004)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8102-17 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6389-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5101-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4491–99a (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
and engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation,
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
and use of knowledge of materials of the earth’s crust to the
the hydraulic conductivity (water permeability) of geotextiles
solution of engineering problems.
in terms of permittivity under standard testing conditions, in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Geotechnicsembracesthefieldsofsoil
the uncompressed state. Included are two procedures: the
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
constant head method and the falling head method.
aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ences.
standard. The inch-pound units stated in parentheses are
3.1.2 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
provided for information only.
solely of textiles.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 permeability, n—the rate of flow of a liquid under a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
differential pressure through a material.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The nominal thickness is used as it is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
difficult to evaluate the pressure on the geotextile during the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test, thereby making it difficult to determine the thickness of
2. Referenced Documents the fabric under these test conditions.
2
3.1.4 permeability, n—of geotextiles, hydraulic conductiv-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ity.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.5 permittivity, (c), (T−1), n—of geotextiles, the volu-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
metric flow rate of water per unit cross sectional area per unit
Fluids
head under laminar flow conditions, in the normal direction
D4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
through a geotextile.
D5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
3.1.6 For the definitions of other terms relating to geotex-
Geotextiles and Geomembranes
tiles,refertoTerminologyD4439.Forthedefinitionsoftextile
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
terms, refer to Terminology D123. For the definition of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
coefficient of permeability, refer to Terminology D653.
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining
the permittivity of geotextiles using constant head or falling
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
head test procedures, as follows:
Geosynthetics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on
4.1.1 ConstantHeadTest—Aheadof50mm(2in.)ofwater
Permeability and Filtration.
is maintained on the geotextile throughout the test. The
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally
apporoved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4491–99a. quantity of flow is measured versus time. The constant head
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
test is used when the flow rate of water through the geotextile
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
is so large that it is difficult to obtain readings of head change
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
versus time in the falling head test.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4491–99a (2004)
NOTE 1—Data has shown agreement between the falling and constant
6.1.1 The apparatus must be capable of maintaining a
3
head methods of determining permittivity of geotextiles. Selection of the
constant head of water on the geotextile being tested, or
test method, that is, constant or falling head, is left to the technician
6.1.2 Theapparatusmustbecapableofbeingusedasfalling
performing the test.
head apparatus.
4.1.2 Falling Head Test—A column of water is allowed to
6.2 In addition, the apparatus must not be the controlling
flow through the geotextile and readings of head changes
a
...