ASTM E1354-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving products of the test material. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and smoke production. These properties are determined on small size specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use.
This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario. Additional guidance for testing is given in X1.2.3 and X1.11.
This test method is not applicable to end-use products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7. ^REFERENCE:
ASTM Standards:
D 5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
ISO Standards:
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability of building materials
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods—determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1354–09
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
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Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring
standard.
the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability,
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
heatreleaserates,masslossrates,effectiveheatofcombustion,
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
and visible smoke development of materials and products.
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement
actual fire conditions.
of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The effective heat of combustion is determined from a con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
comitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nation with the heat release rate. Smoke development is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product
statements, see Section 7.
stream.
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the
2. Referenced Documents
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range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant
Coke
material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a
ASTM Test Methods
vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or
Generated by Solid Materials
diagnostic studies only.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
1.6 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedforuseformaterial
Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design pur-
Method
poses, or development and research. Examples of material
2.2 ISO Standards:
specimens include portions of an end-use product or the
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability
various components used in the end-use product.
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of building materials
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Combustion Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1354-08a. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E1354-09. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1354–09
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods—determination of re-
R = reproducibility (the units are the same as for the
peatability and reproducibility for a standard test method
variable being characterized).
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by inter-laboratory tests
r = stoichiometric oxygen/fuel mass ratio (–).
o
s = sample-based s
...
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