ASTM F1145-05(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
ABSTRACT
This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts. A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth. Turnbuckles shall be of the following types and grades: Type I (forged, spread, resistance welded and arc or gas welded); Type II; and Type III. Turnbuckles shall be of the following classes; Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Class F; Class G; and Class H. The following tests shall be performed: proof test; breaking strength test; bending test; and galvanizing test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1145 −05 (Reapproved 2011) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 AWS Standards:
AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged
AWS A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Elec-
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve
trodes
intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw 4
2.3 ANSI Standards:
at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and
ANSI B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR
so forth.
Thread Form)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ANSI B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2.4 Military Standards:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,
and are not considered standard.
and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Methods
MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment and Application of Packaging Requirements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2.5 Military Specification:
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. MIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- 2.6 Federal Specifications:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the PPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.7 Federal Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2. Referenced Documents
3. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
the following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
4.1.7):
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
3.1.1 Type I—Open turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.4–5.2.7):
Iron and Steel Hardware
3.1.1.1 Grade:
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
(1) Forged
Iron and Steel
(2) Spread
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
(3) Resistance welded
(4) Arc or gas welded
3.1.2 Type II—Pipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
3.1.3 Type III—Rigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1145 – 05. DOI: Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
10.1520/F1145-05R11. Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1145−05 (2011)
TABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,
3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
Class C
the following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):
3.2.1 Classes:
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
A—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads not
Size
drilled.
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Head, in.
Nominal
B—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads
Outside
threaded right and left hand.
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
C—turnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.
in.
D—turnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete. 1
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
E—turnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
F—turnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.
⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
G—turnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete.
⁄8 . . X X X X . . .
⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
H—turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.
⁄8 . . X . X X X . .
3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pulls
1 . . X . XXXX .
for Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.
1 ⁄4 . . X . XXXX .
1 ⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
3.2.2 Sizes—Shall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
1 ⁄2 . . X . XXXXX
1 ⁄4 . . X . . XXXX
4. Ordering Information
2 . . X . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . X X X
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
2 ⁄2 . . X . . . X X X
the following information: 3
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . . . X
3 . . X . . . . . X
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
3 ⁄2 . . X . . . . . X
4.1.2 Quantity required,
4 . . X . . . . . X
4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),
TABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Heads, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
⁄8 . . X X X X . . .
⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
⁄8 . . . . X X X . .
1 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄4 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄2 . . . . XXXXX
1 ⁄4 . . . . . XXXX
2 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . . . . . X X X
4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),
4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),
4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),
4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),
4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 and S2).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials:
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle and
end pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meet
the requirements of Table 3.
5.1.2 For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eye
and jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur
FIG. 1 Classes of Turnbuckles 0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.
F1145−05 (2011)
TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 2—1 lb = 0.45 kg.
Size, Nominal Strength Breaking, min, lbf (kN) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (kN)
Outside
Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All Others
Diameter
Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye,
of Thread, in.
Hook Hook Hook Hook
or Stub or Stub or Stub or Stub
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
⁄4 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)
⁄16 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)
⁄8 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)
⁄2 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)
⁄8 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)
⁄4 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)
⁄8 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)
1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)
1 ⁄4 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)
1 ⁄8 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)
1 ⁄2 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)
1 ⁄4 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .
2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .
2 ⁄4 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .
2 ⁄2 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .
2 ⁄4 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .
3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .
3 ⁄4 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .
3 ⁄2 475 000 (2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . . 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .
3 ⁄4 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .
4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .
5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand
threaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a type
selected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordance
with Specification A29/A29M.
5.1.4 Jaw end pulls ⁄8 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall be
provided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercial
quality. Jaw end pulls ⁄4 in. (19 mm) and larger shall be
provided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercial
value.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.1 Eye End Pulls—Eye end pulls shall be forged, resis-
tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of the
producer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-
eye end pulls shall be required.
5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevated
temperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig.
2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.
5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by resistance
FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End Pull
welding process.
5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by 5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig.
bending the material to form the eye and joined by welding. 6.
The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less than 5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7.
the cross-sectional area of the bar. 5.2.3 Hook End Pulls—Hook end pulls shall be forged and
5.2.2 Jaw End Pulls—Jaw end pulls shall be forged, arc or be similar to Fig. 8.
gas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except that 5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 Turnbuckles—Each forged turnbuckle
if forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall be body shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and
provided. size and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of the
5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5. turnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal.
F1145−05 (2011)
FIG. 3 Resistance-Welded-Eye End Pull
FIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End Pull
FIG. 6 Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End Pull
FIG. 7 Upset Jaw End Pull
FIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End Pull surfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact by
external forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,
and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall be
5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 Turnbuckles—For each spread turn- similar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the pieces
bucklebody,onepieceofmaterialshallbecutlengthwisefrom shall be at the option of the producer.
near one end to the otherendbyanysuitablemeans,suchasan 5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 Turnbuckles—The welds shall be
oxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then be either electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of the
spread apart at elevated temperatures to final shape and size. producer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall be
The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the cross fabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similar
section of the material shall be at the option of the producer. to Fig. 12.The faces of the welds shall not be concave but may
5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 Turnbuckles—Each resistance-welded be somewhat convex.
turnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formed 5.2.8 Type II, Pipe—Pipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged,
pieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process. swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, and
The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the piece. The shall be similar to Fig. 13.
F1145−05 (2011)
FIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or Gas
Welded
FIG. 13 Type II, Pipe Turnbuckle Body
FIG. 8 Hook End Pull
FIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, Forged
FIG. 14 Type III, Rigging Turnbuckle Body
6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angle
of 90° around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of the
end pull without either crack or rupture.
6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capable
of supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breaking
strength without permanent deformation.
FIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, Spread
7. Other Requirements
7.1 All arc-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be welded
with Type 7015, 7016, 8015, or 8016 electrodes of AWS A5.1
or AWS A5.5, as applicable.
7.2 All gas-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be welded
with welding rods in accordance with AWS A5.2.
7.3 Turnbuckle bodies and end pulls shall be threaded after
FIG. 11 Type I, Grade 3, Open Turnbuckle Body, Resistance
fabrication to final size and shape. The threads
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.