ASTM F1145-05(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
ABSTRACT
This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts. A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth. Turnbuckles shall be of the following types and grades: Type I (forged, spread, resistance welded and arc or gas welded); Type II; and Type III. Turnbuckles shall be of the following classes; Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Class F; Class G; and Class H. The following tests shall be performed: proof test; breaking strength test; bending test; and galvanizing test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1145 −05 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 AWS Standards:
AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged
AWS A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Elec-
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve
trodes
intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw
2.3 ASME Standards:
at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and
ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN, UNR, and
so forth.
UNJ Thread Forms)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded ASME B18.2.2 Nuts for General Applications: Machine
Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only (Inch Series)
2.4 Military Standards:
and are not considered standard.
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ment and Application of Packaging Requirements
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.5 Military Specification:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.6 Federal Specifications:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
PPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2.7 Federal Standard:
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Classification
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
the following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
4.1.7):
Iron and Steel Hardware
3.1.1 Type I—Open turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.4 – 5.2.7):
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
3.1.1.1 Grade:
Iron and Steel
(1) Forged
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
(2) Spread
(3) Resistance welded
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships (4) Arc or gas welded
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 St., #130,
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F1145 – 05 (2017). Miami, FL 33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
DOI: 10.1520/F1145-05R22. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.asme.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1145−05 (2022)
TABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,
3.1.2 Type II—Pipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).
Class C
3.1.3 Type III—Rigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
Size
the following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):
Thread,
3.2.1 Classes:
Clear Opening Between Head, in.
Nominal
A—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads not
Outside
drilled.
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
B—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
threaded right and left hand.
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
C—turnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
D—turnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete. ⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
⁄8 . . X X X X . . .
E—turnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.
⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
F—turnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.
⁄8 . . X . X X X . .
G—turnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete. 1 . . X . XXXX .
1 ⁄4 . . X . XXXX .
H—turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.
1 ⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pulls
1 ⁄2 . . X . XXXXX
for Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1. 1 ⁄4 . . X . . XXXX
2 . . X . . . X X X
3.2.2 Sizes—Shall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . X . . . X X X
4. Ordering Information 3
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . . . X
3 . . X . . . . . X
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
3 ⁄2 . . X . . . . . X
the following information:
4 . . X . . . . . X
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
TABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Heads, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
⁄8 . . X X X X . . .
⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
⁄8 . . . . X X X . .
1 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄4 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄2 . . . . XXXXX
1 ⁄4 . . . . . XXXX
2 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . . . . . X X X
4.1.2 Quantity required,
4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),
4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),
4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),
4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),
4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),
4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see Supplementary
Requirements S1 and S2).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials:
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle and
end pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meet
FIG. 1 Classes of Turnbuckles the requirements of Table 3.
F1145−05 (2022)
TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 2—1 lb = 0.45 kg.
Size, Nominal Strength Breaking, min, lbf (kN) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (kN)
Outside
Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All Others
Diameter
Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye,
of Thread, in.
Hook Hook Hook Hook
or Stub or Stub or Stub or Stub
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
⁄4 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)
⁄16 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)
⁄8 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)
⁄2 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)
⁄8 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)
⁄4 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)
⁄8 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)
1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)
1 ⁄4 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)
1 ⁄8 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)
1 ⁄2 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)
1 ⁄4 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .
2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .
2 ⁄4 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .
2 ⁄2 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .
2 ⁄4 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .
3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .
3 ⁄4 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .
3 ⁄2 475 000 (2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . . 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .
3 ⁄4 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .
4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .
5.1.2 For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eye
and jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur
0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.
5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand
threaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a type
selected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordance
with Specification A29/A29M.
5.1.4 Jaw end pulls ⁄8 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall be
provided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercial
quality. Jaw end pulls ⁄4 in. (19 mm) and larger shall be
provided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercial
value.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.1 Eye End Pulls—Eye end pulls shall be forged, resis-
tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of the
producer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-
eye end pulls shall be required.
5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevated
FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End Pull
temperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig.
2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.
5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
5.2.2 Jaw End Pulls—Jaw end pulls shall be forged, arc or
bending the material to form the eye and joined by resistance
gas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except that
welding process.
if forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall be
5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to provided.
Fig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by 5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.
bending the material to form the eye and joined by welding. 5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig.
The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less than 6.
the cross-sectional area of the bar. 5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7.
F1145−05 (2022)
FIG. 3 Resistance-Welded-Eye End Pull
FIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End Pull
FIG. 6 Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End Pull
FIG. 7 Upset Jaw End Pull
FIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End Pull The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the cross
section of the material shall be at the option of the producer.
5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 Turnbuckles—Each resistance-welded
5.2.3 Hook End Pulls—Hook end pulls shall be forged and turnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formed
be similar to Fig. 8. pieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process.
5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 Turnbuckles—Each forged turnbuckle The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the piece. The
body shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and surfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact by
size and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of the external forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,
turnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal. and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall be
5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 Turnbuckles—For each spread turn- similar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the pieces
bucklebody,onepieceofmaterialshallbecutlengthwisefrom shall be at the option of the producer.
near one end to the otherendbyanysuitablemeans,suchasan 5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 Turnbuckles—The welds shall be
oxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then be either electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of the
spread apart at elevated temperatures to final shape and size. producer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall be
F1145−05 (2022)
FIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or Gas
Welded
FIG. 13 Type II, Pipe Turnbuckle Body
FIG. 8 Hook End Pull
FIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, Forged
FIG. 14 Type III, Rigging Turnbuckle Body
jam nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upon
deformation of the threads for security.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Thebreakingstrengthofturnbuckles,equippedwithend
pulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for the
required size, type, and grade of end pull specified.
FIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, Spread
6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angle
of 90° around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of the
end pull without either crack or rupture.
6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capable
of supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breaking
strength without permanent deformation.
7. Other Requirements
7.1 All arc-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be welded
FIG. 11 Type I, Grade 3, Open
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