ASTM A230/A230M-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring Quality
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring Quality
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round carbon steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended especially for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: A 230/A 230M – 99
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA230/A230M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAGB-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplica-
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
tion Standard
carbon steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper,
intended especially for the manufacture of valve springs and
3. Ordering Information
other springs requiring high-fatigue properties.
3.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
either Specification A 510 or A 510M.
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-
3.2 Orders for material under this specification should
fore, each system must be used independent of the other.
include the following information for each ordered item:
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.1 Quantity (mass or weight),
3.2.2 Name of material (oil-tempered carbon steel valve
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spring quality wire),
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
3.2.3 Dimensions (Section 8),
of Steel Products
3.2.4 Chemical composition (Table 1), if required,
A 510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
3.2.5 Packaging (Section 14),
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
3.2.6 Cast or heat analysis report, if desired (see 5.2),
A 510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire
3.2.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel [Metric]
tion 13), and
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
3.2.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
NOTE 1—Atypicalmetricorderingdescriptionisasfollows:20 000kg
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
oil-tempered carbon steel valve spring quality wire, 6.00 mm diameter in
125-kg coils to ASTM A 230M dated _____, or for inch-pound units,
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
40 000 lb oil-tempered carbon steel valve spring quality wire, 0.250 in.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
diameter in 350-lb coils to ASTM A 230 dated _____.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rec-
4. Materials and Manufacture
tangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
2.3 Military Standard:
steel-making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
strand cast.
ment and Storage
4.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and
2.4 Federal Standard:
undue segregation.
FED STD No. 123 Marking for Shipment (CivilAgencies)
4.3 The wire shall be hardened and tempered to produce the
desired mechanical properties.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
5. Chemical Composition
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
5.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
composition prescribed in Table 1.
e1
published as A 230 – 39 T. Last previous edition A 230/A 230M – 96 .
5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis—Each cast or heat of steel shall
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
beanalyzedbythemanufacturertodeterminethepercentageof
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6 7
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 230/A 230M – 99
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound Units
Tensile Strength, ksi
Reduction of
Diameter, in.
Element Composition, %
A
Area, min, %
min max
A
Carbon 0.60–0.75
A
Less than 0.062 245 265 . . .
Manganese 0.60–0.90
0.062 to 0.092, incl 240 260 . . .
Phosphorus, max 0.025
Over 0.092 to 0.128, incl 235 255 40
Sulfur, max 0.030
Over 0.128 to 0.162, incl 230 250 40
Silicon 0.15–0.35
Over 0.162 to 0.192, incl 225 245 40
A
Carbon and manganese may be varied by the manufacturer at his discretion,
Over 0.192 to 0.225, incl 220 240 40
provided the mechanical properties specified are maintained and provided the
Over 0.225 to 0.250, incl 215 235 40
purchaser does not specifically stipulate otherwise.
Over 0.250 210 230 40
A
The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 0.092 in.
elements prescribed in Table 1. This analysis shall be made
from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the
6.2.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accor-
cast or heat. When requested, this shall be reported to the
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, Supplement
purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.
IV.
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
6.3 Twist Test—A250 mm (10 in.) specimen of wire slowly
purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of
twistedfourrevolutionsinonedirectionandthentwistedinthe
steel. The chemical composition thus determined, as to ele-
otherdirectionuntilfailureshallshowasquarebreaknormalto
ments required or restricted, shall conform to the product
the axis of the wire without splits or cracks.
analysis requirements specified in Table 10 of Specification
6.4 Special Surface Inspection—When specified, the entire
A 510 or A 510M.
length of every coil used by engine valve spring manufacturers
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and
shall be inspected for surface imperfections with a magnetic
Terminology A 751 shall be used.
and/or eddy current defect analyzer or equivalent.
6. Mechanical Properties
7. Metallurgical Properties
6.1 Tension Test:
7.1 Decarburization:
6.1.1 Requirements—Thematerialasrepresentedbytension
7.1.1 Requirements—Transverse sections of the wire prop-
test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed in
erly mounted, polished and etched shall show no completely
Table 2 or Table 3.
decarburized (carbon free) areas when examined at 1003
6.1.2 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
magnification. Partial decarburization shall not exceed a depth
each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in
of 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) on wire 4.90 mm (0.192 in.) and
a given lot shall be tested.
smaller or 0.038 mm (0.0015 in.) on wire larger than 4.90 mm
6.1.3 LocationofTests—Test specimens shall be taken from
(0.192 in.). Measure the worst area present excluding decar-
either end of the coil.
burization associated with seams or other surface imperfec-
6.1.4 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in
tions. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite is
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
present. Partial decarburization exists when ferrite is found
6.2 Wrap Test:
mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of
6.2.1 Requirements—Wire 4.00 mm or 0.162 in. and
100 % tempered martensite shall be defined as not
...
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