ASTM E857-05(2012)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Conducting Subacute Dietary Toxicity Tests with Avian Species
Standard Practice for Conducting Subacute Dietary Toxicity Tests with Avian Species
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a means of measuring the susceptibility of an avian species to a test substance in its diet under controlled conditions. The LC50 obtained in this test is a conditional measure of subacute toxicity because consumption is voluntary, and because the dietary route may introduce metabolic transformations of the test substance that might be absent in other exposure techniques.
Use of this practice contributes to the evaluation of the hazards of chemicals to birds because exposure is analogous to most field exposures, that is, through dietary intake.
The use of this practice allows for observation of signs of toxicity in addition to mortality.
The dose-response curve provides additional information about the response of birds to a test substance.
This practice can be used to study the effects of test substances in combination in order to simulate situations where birds may be exposed to more than one substance simultaneously (1).
This practice provides one basis for deciding whether additional toxicity testing should be conducted with birds.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for determining the subacute dietary toxicity of a test substance administered to birds in their daily diet. The LC50 value time to mortality and slope of the dose response curve may also be derived.
1.2 This practice is applicable to substances that can be mixed uniformly into the diet.
1.3 This practice is intended primarily to be used with the young of the following species: northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Other species or age groups, for example, with wild-trapped birds, may be used with appropriate husbandry modifications to the practice.
1.4 This standard is used routinely to address avian regulatory testing requirements. Modifications to the procedures described in this standard have been proposed and are being evaluated to better address the needs of the latest risk assessment procedures. Specifically, the latest procedures call for individual bird feed consumption measurements so that a more precise dose can be determined. While such procedures may replace procedures described in the current standard, there is no certainty that the newest procedures will work as anticipated, and validation is not complete. Therefore, the current guideline has utility prior to validation and acceptance of a modified standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E857 − 05 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Conducting Subacute Dietary Toxicity Tests with Avian
1
Species
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for determining the
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of
subacute dietary toxicity of a test substance administered to
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
birds in their daily diet. The LC value time to mortality and
50
System
slope of the dose response curve may also be derived.
1.2 This practice is applicable to substances that can be
3. Terminology
mixed uniformly into the diet.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 LC —the statistically derived estimate of the concen-
1.3 This practice is intended primarily to be used with the
50
young of the following species: northern bobwhite (Colinus tration of a test substance in the diet that would be expected to
cause 50 % mortality to the test population under the specified
virginianus), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), mallard
(Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus test conditions.
colchicus). Other species or age groups, for example, with
3.1.2 concentration—the weight of test substance per unit
wild-trapped birds, may be used with appropriate husbandry
weight of diet.
modifications to the practice.
3.1.3 substance or test substance—the element, chemical
compound, formulation, known mixture, or material mixed in
1.4 This standard is used routinely to address avian regula-
diets and fed to birds for the purpose of determining an LC .
tory testing requirements. Modifications to the procedures
50
described in this standard have been proposed and are being
3.1.4 negative control—a group of birds maintained under
evaluated to better address the needs of the latest risk assess-
conditions identical to the test birds except for the absence of
ment procedures. Specifically, the latest procedures call for
the test substance in their diet.
individual bird feed consumption measurements so that a more
3.1.5 positive control—a group of birds maintained under
precise dose can be determined. While such procedures may
conditions identical to the test birds except for the replacement
replace procedures described in the current standard, there is
ofthetestsubstanceinthedietwithasubstanceknowntoelicit
no certainty that the newest procedures will work as
a consistent toxic response.
anticipated, and validation is not complete. Therefore, the
3.2 Units and Symbols:
current guideline has utility prior to validation and acceptance
3.2.1 Refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
of a modified standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This practice describes how to determine the subacute
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dietary toxicity of a test substance when administered to birds
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in their daily diet. The median lethal concentration (LC )in
50
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
the diet is a measure of a specific toxic effect (that is, lethality).
precautionary statements see Section 6.
The LC has been used as a comparable index of toxicity.
50
However, other expressions of toxicity also may be appropri-
ate.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environ-
mental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental
2
Fate. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ε1
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E857 – 05 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0857-05R12. the ASTM website.
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E857 − 05 (2012)
4.2 Groups of birds of the same species are fed diets 7. Facilities
containing a test substance or mixture of substances at selected
7.1 Species requirements will vary, but pens and cages
concentrations for 5 days. This is followed by a minimum
...
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