ASTM D709-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1—This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 709 – 00
Standard Specification for
Laminated Thermosetting Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D 621 Test Methods for Deformation of Plastics Under
1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting mate-
Load
rials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing
D 668 Test Methods for Measuring Dimensions of Rigid
material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples
Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric,
D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
asbestos fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics.
Electrical Insulating Materials
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
as the standard.
D 1180 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Round Rigid
NOTE 1—The properties included in this specification are those re- 5
Plastic Tubing
quired to identify the types and grades of laminated thermosetting
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
materials covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify
D 2303 Test Method for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-
particular characteristics. These will be added to the specification as their
Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
inclusion becomes generally desirable and the necessary test data and
D 2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Elec-
methods become available.
NOTE 2—This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The
trical Insulating Materials
content is significantly different.
D 3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid
Electrical Insulating Materials
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D 6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
terials for Testing
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
2.2 IEEE Standards:
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
1 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
Electric Equipment
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the
to use. For a specific warning statement see Note 10.
Thermal Evaluation and Establishment of Temperature
2. Referenced Documents
Indices of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric
D 229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials
Used for Electrical Insulation Equipment
101 Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test
D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials Data
2.3 NEMA Standards:
D 348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical
Insulation LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting Products
LI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial Thermosetting
D 349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for
Electrical Insulation Laminates
D 495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry
Discontinued—See 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
1 5
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Discontinued—See 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 345 E. 47
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
St., New York, NY 10017.
published as D 709 – 43 T. Last previous edition D 709 – 92 (1997).
Available from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 2101 L
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20037.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 709
NOTE 5—Molded rods are composed of laminations of impregnated
LI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Ther-
sheet material molded in cylindrical molds under heat and pressure, and
mosetting Laminates
then ground to size. Molded rods are of two classes made by winding the
2.4 Military Specifications:
impregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in the
MIL-P-997 Plastic Material, Laminated, Thermosetting,
molding operation.
Electric Insulation, Sheets, Glass Cloth, Silicone Resin
Machined rods, manufactured from certain grades of sheet material, are
MIL-P-15035 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,
not covered by this specification. In rods machined from sheets, the
Cotton-Fabric-Base, Phenolic-Resin
laminations are parallel chords of a circular cross-section. In general, the
properties of these rods conform to those of the grade of sheet stock from
MIL-P-15037 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,
which they are cut. This type of rod may be low in flexural strength when
Glass-Cloth, Melamine-Resin
stress is applied perpendicular to the lamination.
MIL-P-15047 Plastic Material, Laminated Thermosetting
NOTE 6—Molded shapes are composed of impregnated sheet materials
Sheets, Nylon Fabric Base, Phenolic-Resin
cut into various sizes and shapes to fit the contours of a mold, and molded
MIL-P-18177 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,
under heat and pressure. In special cases some macerated material is used
Glass Fibre Base, Epoxy-Resin
in combination with impregnated sheet materials, depending upon the
MIL-P-22324 Plastic Sheet, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, design of the piece. The requirements of this specification, particularly
with regard to mechanical properties, cannot be considered as applying to
Epoxy-Resin
molded shapes, except for rectangular and square tubes, since such
2.5 Federal Specifications:
properties will depend to a considerable extent upon the design of the
L-P-513 Plastic Sheet and Insulation Sheet, Electrical
piece.
(Laminated, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Phenolic-Resin)
L-P-509 Plastic Sheet, Rod and Tube, Laminated Thermo-
6. General Requirements
setting
6.1 Materials and Workmanship—Laminated material shall
2.6 IEC Standard:
be uniform in quality. It shall be free of blisters, wrinkles, or
Publication 60893-3 Specification for Industrial Laminated
cracks and shall be reasonably free of other small defects such
Sheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for Electrical
as scratches, heat marks, etc., as defined in Terminology D 883.
Purposes
Tubes of any grade having wall thickness greater than ⁄2 in.
3. Terminology (13 mm) and molded paperbase rods (Grades XX and XXX)
having diameters greater than 1 in. (25 mm) may show checks
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci-
or cracks between the laminations on machined or sawed
fication, refer to Terminologies D 883 or D 1711.
edges.
4. Types and Grades
6.2 Finish and Color— Requirements for finish (Note 7)
and color (Note 8) shall be as specified by the purchaser in the
4.1 Laminated materials covered by this specification are
contract or order.
classified in accordance with the types of reinforcement used in
their manufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and heat-
NOTE 7—The various forms and grades of laminated thermosetting
resisting characteristics of the finished products (Note 3).
material are available in the finishes shown in Table 3.
NOTE 8—The various types and grades of laminated thermosetting
NOTE 3—Further descriptive information regarding these various types
material are available in the colors shown in Table 4. Where MIL-P
and grades of laminated thermosetting materials is given in Table 1 and
specifications are involved, natural color only shall be supplied.
Appendix X1-Appendix X3. Appendix X3 also includes tables covering
engineering information on other properties of the various grades of
6.3 Warp or Twist— The warp or twist shall not exceed the
laminated thermosetting products that are not included in these specifica-
values prescribed in Table 5.
tion requirements.
6.4 Punching Properties—The grades of material differ in
their suitability for punching, but thin pieces of any of the
5. Forms
grades may be punched in simple shapes, provided good
5.1 Laminated thermosetting materials are available in four
punching practice is used, including sharp, close-clearance
forms: sheets, tubes (Note 4), rods (Note 5), and molded shapes
dies, proper stripper plates, and proper heating conditions.
(Note 6), as indicated in Table 2. This specification covers the
When using good punching practice as outlined below, the
material in three forms: sheets, tubes of two classes (rolled and
various grades shall punch satisfactorily in thickness up to and
molded), and molded rods. The classes of tubes desired shall be
including the maximum limits as prescribed in Table 6. Where
specified by the purchaser in the contract or order. In cases
punching properties better than those listed in Table 6 are
where the purchaser desires a particular class of molded rod he
required for particular parts, this shall be subject to agreement
should so specify.
between the purchaser and the manufacturer. In good punching
NOTE 4—Tubes are made of laminations of fibrous sheet impregnated
practice the edges of the piece shall be no closer to the edge of
material, rolled upon mandrels under tension or between heated pressure
the strip than twice the thickness of the sheet, the holes shall be
rolls, or both. They are of two classes, rolled and molded. Rolled tubes are
no smaller in diameter than the thickness of the sheet nor have
oven-baked after rolling on the mandrels. Molded tubes are cured in molds
square corners, and the distance between the holes or between
under heat and pressure.
the holes and the edge of the piece shall be no less than the
thickness of the sheet. For thicker materials, depending upon
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
the grade, heating the material to a temperature of 120 to
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.
140°C (approximately 15 min for material ⁄8 in. (3 mm) in
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. thickness) is generally necessary for best punching results,
D 709
TABLE 1 Types and Grades of Laminated Thermosetting Materials
D 709
MIL-P and LP Grade
Grade Description
A
Designation
Designation
Type I—Cellulose Paper-Base Phenolic Resin (Unless Noted)
X . mechanical
XP . mechanical; hot-punching stock
XPC . mechanical; cold-punching and cold-shearing stock
XX L-P-513, Type PBG electrical and mechanical
XXP . electrical and mechanical; hot-punching stock
XXX L-P-513, Type PBE electrical and high humidity
XXXP L-P-513, Type PBE-P electrical and high humidity; hot-punching stock
XXXPC L-P-513, Type PBE-P punchable at lower temperature than Grade XXXP
FR-1 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XP
FR-2 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XXXP
FR-3 MIL-P-22324, Type PEE flame-resistant, epoxy resin; electrical and mechanical
ES-1 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binder
ES-2 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binder
ES-3 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binder
Type II—Cellulose Fabric-Base Phenolic Resin
C MIL-P-15035, Type FBM mechanical
CE MIL-P-15035, Type FBG mechanical and electrical
L MIL-P-15035, Type FBI mechanical; fine machining
LE MIL-P-15035, Type FBE mechanical and electrical; fine machining
Type III—Asbestos-Base Phenolic Resin
A L-P-509, Type A asbestos paper-base; heat-resistant
AA L-P-509, Type AA asbestos fabric-base; mechanical and heat-resistant
Type IV—Glass-Base
G-3 . continuous filament-type glass cloth; phenolic resin, general purpose
G-5 . continuous filament-type glass cloth, melamine binder; general purpose;
good arc and flame resistance
G-7 MIL-P-997, Type GSG continuous filament-type glass cloth, silicone resin binder; good mechanical
strength, heat and arc resistance; low dielectric losses and high insulation
resistance under humid conditions
G-9 MIL-P-15037, Type GME continuous filament-glass cloth, melamine binder. Superior to Grade G-5
under wet conditions, good arc and flame resistance
G-10 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-type glass cloth, epoxy resin binder; high mechanical
strength good insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and dielectric strength
under dry and humid conditions
G-11 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-type glass cloth, heat-resistant epoxy binder; properties
similar to Grade G-10 but higher flexural strength retained at elevated
temperatures
FR-4 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-glass cloth with a flame-resistant epoxy resin binder;
properties similar to G-10
FR-5 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-glass cloth with a heat- and flame-resistant epoxy resin
binder; properties similar to G11
GPO-1, GPO-2, and GPO-3 Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistance
and tracking resistance
GPO-1P, GPO-2P, and GPO-3P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistance
and tracking resistance
Type V—Nylon-Base
N-1 MIL-P-15047, Type NPG nylon cloth-base, phenolic resin binder; excellent electrical properties under
high humidity; good impact
Type VI—Composite-Base Laminates
CEM-1 . cellulose paper core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.29)
CEM-3 . non-woven glass core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.30)
A
The MIL-P and LP-513 designations apply only to sheet materials. LP-509 applies to sheet and tube material. Revisions of this specification are designated by suffix
letters added to the MIL-P or LP Specification number, A for the first revision, B for the second, etc. Reference should accordingly be made to the latest edition of the
specification.
than those of the other paper-base asbestos, glass, or nylon fabric-base
although in Grade XP or XPC this may make the material too
grades. All grades can be punched in thin thicknesses under suitable
soft. In this case, better resu
...
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