ASTM D6282-98
(Guide)Standard Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
Standard Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses direct push soil samplers, which also may be driven into the ground from the surface or through prebored holes. The samplers can be continuous or discrete interval units. Samplers are advanced by a combination of static push, or impacts from hammers, or vibratory methods, or a combination thereof, to the depth of interest. The guide does not cover open chambered samplers operated by hand such as augers, agricultural samplers operated at shallow depths, or side wall samplers. This guide does not address single sampling events in the immediate base of the drill hole using rotary drilling equipment with incremental drill hole excavation. Other sampling standards, such as Test Methods D 1586 and D 1587 and Practice D 3550 apply to rotary drilling activities. This guide does not address advancement of sampler barrel systems with methods that employ cuttings removal as the sampler is advanced. Other drilling and sampling methods may apply for samples needed for engineering and construction applications.
1.2 Guidance on preservation and transport of samples, as given in Guide D 4220, may or may not apply. Samples for chemical analysis often must be subsampled and reserved for chemical analysis using special techniques. Practice D 3694 provides information on some of the special techniques required. Additional information on environmental sample preservation and transportation is available in other references (1,2). Samples for classification may be preserved using procedures similar to Class A. In most cases, a direct push sample is considered as Class B in Practice D 4220 but is protected, representative, and suitable for chemical analysis. The samples taken with this practice do not usually produce Class C and D (with exception of thin wall samples of standard size) samples for testing for engineering properties, such as shear strength and compressibility. Guide D 4700 has some information on mechanical soil sampling devices similar to direct push techniques, however, it does not address most direct push sampling methods. If sampling is for chemical evaluation in the Vadose Zone, consult Guide D 4700 for any special considerations.
1.3 Field methods described in this guide, include the use of discreet and continuous sampling tools, split and solid barrel samplers and thin walled tubes with or without fixed piston style apparatus.
1.4 Insertion methods described include static push, impact, percussion, other vibratory/sonic driving, and combinations of these methods using direct push equipment adapted to drilling rigs, cone penetrometer units, and specially designed percussion/direct push combination machines. Hammers providing the force for insertion include drop style, hydraulically activated, air activated and mechanical lift devices.
1.5 Direct push soil sampling is limited to soils and unconsolidated materials that can be penetrated with the available equipment. The ability to penetrate strata is based on hammer energy, carrying vehicle weight, compactness of soil, and consistency of soil. Penetration may be limited or damage to samplers and conveying devices can occur in certain subsurface conditions, some of which are discussed in 5.5. Successful sample recovery also may be limited by the ability to retrieve tools from the borehole. Sufficient retract force must be available when attempting difficult or deep investigations.
1.6 This guide does not address the installation of any temporary or permanent soil, ground water, vapor monitoring, or remediation devices.
1.7 The practicing of direct push techniques may be controlled by local regulations governing subsurface penetration. Certification, or licensing requirements, or both, may need to be considered in establishing criteria for field activities.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; however, dimensions used in the drilling industry are given in inch-pound units by convention. Inch-pound un...
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Designation:D6282–98
Standard Guide for
Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site
1
Characterizations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope methods. If sampling is for chemical evaluation in the Vadose
Zone, consult Guide D 4700 for any special considerations.
1.1 This guide addresses direct push soil samplers, which
1.3 Field methods described in this guide, include the use of
also may be driven into the ground from the surface or through
discreet and continuous sampling tools, split and solid barrel
prebored holes. The samplers can be continuous or discrete
samplers and thin walled tubes with or without fixed piston
interval units. Samplers are advanced by a combination of
style apparatus.
static push, or impacts from hammers, or vibratory methods, or
1.4 Insertion methods described include static push, impact,
a combination thereof, to the depth of interest. The guide does
percussion, other vibratory/sonic driving, and combinations of
not cover open chambered samplers operated by hand such as
these methods using direct push equipment adapted to drilling
augers, agricultural samplers operated at shallow depths, or
rigs, cone penetrometer units, and specially designed
side wall samplers. This guide does not address single sam-
percussion/direct push combination machines. Hammers pro-
plingeventsintheimmediatebaseofthedrillholeusingrotary
viding the force for insertion include drop style, hydraulically
drilling equipment with incremental drill hole excavation.
activated, air activated and mechanical lift devices.
Other sampling standards, such as Test Methods D 1586 and
1.5 Direct push soil sampling is limited to soils and uncon-
D 1587 and Practice D 3550 apply to rotary drilling activities.
solidated materials that can be penetrated with the available
This guide does not address advancement of sampler barrel
equipment. The ability to penetrate strata is based on hammer
systems with methods that employ cuttings removal as the
energy, carrying vehicle weight, compactness of soil, and
sampler is advanced. Other drilling and sampling methods may
consistency of soil. Penetration may be limited or damage to
apply for samples needed for engineering and construction
samplers and conveying devices can occur in certain subsur-
applications.
faceconditions,someofwhicharediscussedin5.5.Successful
1.2 Guidance on preservation and transport of samples, as
sample recovery also may be limited by the ability to retrieve
given in Guide D 4220, may or may not apply. Samples for
tools from the borehole. Sufficient retract force must be
chemical analysis often must be subsampled and preserved for
available when attempting difficult or deep investigations.
chemical analysis using special techniques. Practice D 3694
1.6 This guide does not address the installation of any
provides information on some of the special techniques re-
temporary or permanent soil, ground water, vapor monitoring,
quired. Additional information on environmental sample pres-
or remediation devices.
ervation and transportation is available in other references (1,
2 1.7 The practicing of direct push techniques may be con-
2). Samples for classification may be preserved using proce-
trolled by local regulations governing subsurface penetration.
dures similar to ClassA. In most cases, a direct push sample is
Certification, or licensing requirements, or both, may need to
considered as Class B in Practice D 4220 but is protected,
be considered in establishing criteria for field activities.
representative, and suitable for chemical analysis.The samples
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
taken with this practice do not usually produce Class C and D
standard: however, dimensions used in the drilling industry are
(with exception of thin wall samples of standard size) samples
given in inch-pound units by convention. Inch-pound units are
for testing for engineering properties, such as shear strength
used where necessary in this guide.
and compressibility. Guide D 4700 has some information on
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mechanical soil sampling devices similar to direct push tech-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
niques, however, it does not address most direct push sampling
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and bility of regulatory limitation
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