ASTM D4551-96(2008)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water containment membranes that include fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. The plastic materials shall meet the inherent viscosity and compound density requirements and shall be subjected to tests that have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use. Qualification tests shall be performed wherein the sheeting shall conform to the following physical property requirements: thickness; stress-strain properties such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, and elongation at break; tear resistance; pinholes; microorganism resistance; puncture resistance; indentation resistance; folding resistance; chemical resistance to distilled water, soapy water, or alkali; hydrostatic pressure resistance; shrinkage; and volatile loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included are requirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation:D4551 −96(Reapproved 2008) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in April 2008
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 2.1 ASTM Standards:
flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
coating for construction of concealed water-containment- lation
membranes in applications where there is potential for costly D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term tic Elastomers—Tension
reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, D543Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet Chemical Reagents
installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
construction is complete. Included are requirements for mate- D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
rials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and D1004Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
methods of marking. Plastic Film and Sheeting
D1203Test Methods for Volatile Loss From Plastics Using
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in
Activated Carbon Methods
accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
1.3 Thetestsareintendedtoensurequalityandperformance
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been
Temperature
selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate
D1243Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
the environment to which the membrane will be subjected
Chloride Polymers
during actual use.
D3892Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D4968Guide for Annual Review of Test Methods and
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment
membranes exposed to ultraviolet light. Specifications for Plastics
D7209Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
E96/E96MTest Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
information only.
Materials
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Z26.1SafetyCodeforSafetyGlazingMaterialsforGlazing
test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This
Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
2.3 Military Standard:
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
MIL-STD-105Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health 4
tion by Attributes
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
PlasticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.24onPlasticBuilding the ASTM website.
Products. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4551–96(2001). AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
DOI: 10.1520/D4551-96R08E01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D4551−96 (2008)
TABLE 2 Quality Assurance Requirements
3. Terminology
Property Unit Specification Specification
3.1 Definitions:
Grade 30 Grade 40
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology D883 unless otherwise indicated.
Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), min
Pinholes number none none
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Shrinkage at 158°F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, max
3.2.1 water-containment membrane—a non-porous mem- Width in. (cm) +0.5 (1.27), −0.0 +0.5 (1.27), −0.0
braneimpervioustowaterandresistanttopermeationbywater
vapor to an extent that it provides a high degree of certainty
that secondary damage from leakage shall not occur.
6.2 Sheeting shall be compounded so that bonds between
3.2.2 homogeneous sheeting—sheeting that is of uniform sheets used in fabrication of large water-containment mem-
composition throughout its thickness.
branes can be accomplished in the field without reducing the
overallresistanceofthemembranetopermeationorleakageor
4. Classification
significantly reducing the sheeting’s physical strength. The
4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based on manufacturer shall specify recommended bonding procedures
in its product literature.
thickness:
4.1.1 Grade 30—0.03 in. (0.765 mm).
6.3 The sheeting shall be colored as agreed upon between
4.1.2 Grade 40—0.04 in. (1.02 mm).
the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.
6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
7. Dimensions
water-containment membrane formulated from PVC materials
7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall be as
meeting the following requirements:
agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
5.1.1 A PVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmic
7.1.1 Sheeting width tolerance shall be +0.5, −0.0 in.
viscosity number) of not less than 0.92 as determined by Test
(+12.7, −0.0 mm).
Method D1243.
3 7.1.2 Thelengthofthesheetingafterunrollingandrelaxing
5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm .
for 10 min at 73 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) shall be no less than that
5.2 Recycle materials, as defined in Guide D7209, may be
specified in the purchase order.
used in this product if all the requirements in Sections 3, 5, 6,
7.2 Minimum thickness of Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.03
and 9 are met by the recycle material.
in. (0.765 mm) and minimum thickness of Grade 40 sheeting
5.3 Theuseofwater-solublecompoundingingredientsshall
shall be 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).
be prohibited.
8. Workmanship
5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, and
bacterial degradation shall be used.
8.1 Ifnotmonitoredcontinuously,aminimumofeveryhour
production shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,
6. Physical Properties
thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall be free
6.1 Thesheetingshallconformtothephysicalrequirements ofpinholes,foreigninclusions,undispersedmaterials,orother
prescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 17 (Table 2). defects that could affect serviceability.
TABLE 1 Qualification Tests
Property Unit Specification
Grade 30 Grade 40
Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), min
Tensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), min
Tensile stress at 100 % elongation lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), min
Elongation at break % 300, min 300, min
Tear resistance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), min
Pinholes number none none
Micro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 pass
Puncture resistance specimen, pass/fail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 pass
Indentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Folding resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Chemical resistance
Distilled H O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, max
Soapy H O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, max
Alkali specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Hydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Shrinkage % original 5 %, max 5 %, max
Volatile loss at 158°F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 max
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D4551−96 (2008)
9. Qualification Tests 11.5 Microorganism Resistance Test—Determine the resis-
tance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance with
9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification tests
Annex A1.
prescribed in Section 11 and Table 1.
11.6 Strength and Toughness Tests:
9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require that
the sheeting be retested for conformance to this specification. 11.6.1 Puncture Resistance Test—Determine the resistance
of the material to mechanical damage which might occur
In addition, retesting shall be done every 3 years whether the
compound has been modified or not to assess cumulative during the installation of the water-containment membrane in
accordance with the procedure described in Annex A2.
effects of switching suppliers, grades of raw materials, or
processing changes. 11.6.2 Indentational Resistance Test—Determine the ability
of the material to withstand nail-head indentation without
10. Sampling impairing waterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance with
the procedure detailed in Annex A3.
10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from
11.6.3 FoldingResistanceTest—Determinetheabilityofthe
production stock. In each roll selected, units comprising the
material to withstand corner folding without impairing water-
requirednumberofspecimensshallbetakenfromaportionnot
proofness in accordance with the procedure outlined in Annex
includingthefirstorlastfootoftherollorportionswithin6in.
A4.
of the edge of the roll.
11.7 Shrinkage—Testfor1hat158°F(70°C)inaccordance
11. Test Methods
with Test Method D1204.
11.1 Thickness—Test five specimens obtained from loca-
11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—Determine the ability of
tions equidistant across the width of the sheet in accordance
plasticmembranematerialtowithstandwaterpressurewithout
with Method C of Test Methods D374. Report thickness of
leaking in accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.
each specimen and location in sheet.
11.9 Tear Resistance—Determine the average value for six
11.2 Stress-Strain Properties—Determine tensile stress at specimens in accordance with Test Method D1004.
100% elongation (modulus), tensile strength, and ultimate
11.10 Volatile Loss—Determine volatile loss in accordance
elongation in accordance with Method A of Test Methods
with Test Methods D1203, Method A, at 158°F (70°C) with
D412, using a dumbbell specimen (Die C). Report physical
gradeAC ( ⁄14 mesh) activated carbon.Test specimens shall be
properties as the average value from testing of 6 specimens.
nominal thickness sheeting.
11.3 Pinholes—Examine sheeting for pinholes by viewing
NOTE 1—Requirement for Water—Vapor Transmission of Materials in
the surface of the sheeting while held under slight-hand
Sheet Form (Procedure E of Test Methods E96/E96M) has been deleted
tension. Position a bright light source behind the film so as to until the test method is improved to the extent that it can be reproducibly
run by commercial laboratories.
clearly illuminate the surface without producing glare in the
observer’s eyes.Apinhole is defined as any opening observed
12. Conditioning
in the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in.
12.1 Conditionallqualificationtestspecimensat7363.6°F
(305-mm)stripfromtheentirewidthofthesheetandreportthe
(23 62°C)and50 65%relativehumidityfornotlessthan40
presence or absence of pinholes.
h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of Methods
11.4 Resistance to Chemical Reagents—Conduct this test in
D618.
accordance with Test Method D543, Procedure 1.
12.2 In-plantqualitycontrolspecimensshallbeconditioned
11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at
at 73 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) for2hinair.
120°F (49°C) for 24 h.
11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1% soapy water
13. Inspection
solution at 120°F (49°C) for 24 h.
13.1 Inspectionofthematerialshallbemadeasagreedupon
11.4.3 Alkali Resistance Test—This test indicates the effect
between the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase
of hot alkali solutions on the plastic membrane materials.
contract.
11.4.3.1 Specimens—Each test unit shall consist of three
14. Certification
specimensofflatmaterial3by3in.(76by76mm)selectedin
accordance with 12.1.
14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
11.4.3.2 Procedure—Make a solution by dissolving 5.0 g of
manufacturer’sorthesupplier’scertificationshallbefurnished
reagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-grade
tothepurchaserstatingthatsamplesrepresentingeachlothave
potassium hydroxide in 1 L of distilled water in a beaker. The
been manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with
solution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150°F (66°C).
this specification and the requirements have been met. When
11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individual
specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test
beaker of solution in accordance with 11.4.3.2. Immerse the
results shall be furnished.
specimen for 72 h, and completely change the solution every
15. Product Marking
24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the new solution, the
solution shall be at a temperature of 150°F (66°C). 15.1 Material complying with this specification shall be
11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accor- continuously marked and shall include the following spaced
dance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test. out at intervals of not more than 2 ft (610 mm).
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D4551−96 (2008)
15.1.1 Manufacturer’s name (or brand name or trademark). 16.4 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
15.1.2 Material designation. Practice D3892 shall apply to this specification.
15.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which the
17. Quality Assurance
sheet complies.
17.1 Sheeting manufactured from compound qualified by
15.1.4 Designation, “ASTM D4551”, with which the sheet
Section 9 shall pass the quality assurance and control require-
complies.
ments prescribed in Table 2.
15.1.5 Theproductioncodeshallbeincludedinsidethecore
17.1.1 In addition to the in-plant quality control inspections
of all shipping units.
specified in Sectio
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