ASTM D4551-96(2001)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included are requirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4551 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
lation
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber Thermoplastic
flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or
Elastomers-Tension
coating for construction of concealed water-containment-
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
membranes in applications where there is potential for costly
Chemical Reagents
secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains,
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet
D1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic
installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the
Film and Sheeting
construction is complete. Included are requirements for mate-
D1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics Using
rials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and
Activated Carbon Methods
methods of marking.
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
Temperature
1.3 Thetestsareintendedtoensurequalityandperformance
D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been
Chloride Polymers
selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
the environment to which the membrane will be subjected
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
during actual use.
D5033 Guide for the Development of ASTM Standards
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment
Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics
membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rials
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
2.2 ANSI Standard:
information only.
Z26.1 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for Glaz-
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways
test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This
2.3 Military Standard:
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
tion by Attributes
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3. Terminology
tions prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology D883 unless otherwise indicated.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
PlasticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.24onPlasticBuilding Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published May 1996. Originally AvailablefromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11West42ndStreet,
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
published as D4551–86. Last previous edition D4551–91.
2 7
Paragraphs 1.2, 2.1, 5.2, and 18.1 have been revised to accommodate recycle AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
materials. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D 4551
TABLE 2 Quality Assurance Requirements
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Property Unit Specification Specification
3.2.1 water-containment membrane—a non-porous mem-
Grade 30 Grade 40
braneimpervioustowaterandresistanttopermeationbywater
Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), min
vapor to an extent that it provides a high degree of certainty
Pinholes number none none
that secondary damage from leakage shall not occur. Shrinkage at 158°F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, max
Width in. (cm) +0.5 (1.27), −0.0 +0.5 (1.27), −0.0
3.2.2 homogeneous sheeting—sheeting that is of uniform
composition throughout its thickness.
manufacturer shall specify recommended bonding procedures
4. Classification
in its product literature.
4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based on
6.3 The sheeting shall be colored as agreed upon between
thickness:
the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.
4.1.1 Grade 30—0.03 in. (0.765 mm).
6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.
4.1.2 Grade 40—0.04 in. (1.02 mm).
7. Dimensions
5. Materials and Manufacture
7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall be as
5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
water-containment membrane formulated from PVC materials
7.1.1 Sheeting width tolerance shall be +0.5, −0.0 in.
meeting the following requirements:
(+12.7, −0.0 mm).
5.1.1 A PVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmic
7.1.2 The length of the sheeting after unrolling and relaxing
viscosity number) of not less than 0.92 as determined by Test
for 10 min at 73 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) shall be no less than that
Method D1243.
specified in the purchase order.
5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm .
7.2 Minimum thickness of Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.03
5.2 Recycle materials, as defined in Guide D5033, may be
in. (0.765 mm) and minimum thickness of Grade 40 sheeting
used in this product if all the requirements in Sections 3, 5, 6,
shall be 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).
and 9 are met by the recycle material.
8. Workmanship
5.3 Theuseofwater-solublecompoundingingredientsshall
be prohibited.
8.1 Ifnotmonitoredcontinuously,aminimumofeveryhour
5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, and
production shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,
bacterial degradation shall be used.
thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall be free
ofpinholes,foreigninclusions,undispersedmaterials,orother
6. Physical Properties
defects that could affect serviceability.
6.1 Thesheetingshallconformtothephysicalrequirements
9. Qualification Tests
prescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 17 (Table 2).
6.2 Sheeting shall be compounded so that bonds between 9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification tests
sheets used in fabrication of large water-containment mem- prescribed in Section 11 and Table 1.
branes can be accomplished in the field without reducing the 9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require that
overallresistanceofthemembranetopermeationorleakageor the sheeting be retested for conformance to this specification.
significantly reducing the sheeting’s physical strength. The In addition, retesting shall be done every 3 years whether the
TABLE 1 Qualification Tests
Property Unit Specification
Grade 30 Grade 40
Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), min
Tensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), min
Tensile stress at 100 % elongation lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), min
Elongation at break % 300, min 300, min
Tear resistance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), min
Pinholes number none none
Micro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 pass
Puncture resistance specimen, pass/fail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 pass
Indentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Folding resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Chemical resistance
Distilled H O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, max
Soapy H O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, max
Alkali specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Hydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 pass
Shrinkage % original 5 %, max 5 %, max
Volatile loss at 158°F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 max
D 4551
compound has been modified or not to assess cumulative 11.6.2 Indentational Resistance Test—Determine the ability
effects of switching suppliers, grades of raw materials, or of the material to withstand nail-head indentation without
processing changes. impairing waterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance with
the procedure detailed in Annex A3.
10. Sampling
11.6.3 Folding Resistance Test—Determine the ability of
10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from
the material to withstand corner folding without impairing
production stock. In each roll selected, units comprising the
waterproofness in accordance with the procedure outlined in
requirednumberofspecimensshallbetakenfromaportionnot
Annex A4.
includingthefirstorlastfootoftherollorportionswithin6in.
11.7 Shrinkage—Testfor1hat158°F(70°C)inaccordance
of the edge of the roll.
with Test Method D1204.
11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—Determine the ability of
11. Test Methods
plastic membrane material to withstand water pressure without
11.1 Thickness—Test five specimens obtained from loca-
leaking in accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.
tions equidistant across the width of the sheet in accordance
11.9 Tear Resistance—Determine the average value for six
with Method C of Test Methods D374. Report thickness of
specimens in accordance with Test Method D1004.
each specimen and location in sheet.
11.10 Volatile Loss—Determine volatile loss in accordance
11.2 Stress-Strain Properties—Determine tensile stress at
with Test Methods D1203, Method A, at 158°F (70°C) with
100% elongation (modulus), tensile strength, and ultimate
gradeAC ( ⁄14 mesh) activated carbon.Test specimens shall be
elongation in accordance with Method A of Test Methods
nominal thickness sheeting.
D412, using a dumbbell specimen (Die C). Report physical
NOTE 1—Requirement for Water—Vapor Transmission of Materials in
properties as the average value from testing of 6 specimens.
SheetForm(ProcedureEofTestMethodsE96)hasbeendeleteduntilthe
11.3 Pinholes—Examine sheeting for pinholes by viewing
test method is improved to the extent that it can be reproducibly run by
the surface of the sheeting while held under slight-hand
commercial laboratories.
tension. Position a bright light source behind the film so as to
12. Conditioning
clearly illuminate the surface without producing glare in the
observer’s eyes.Apinhole is defined as any opening observed
12.1 Conditionallqualificationtestspecimensat7363.6°F
in the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in.
(23 62°C)and50 65%relativehumidityfornotlessthan40
(305-mm)stripfromtheentirewidthofthesheetandreportthe
h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of Methods
presence or absence of pinholes.
D618.
11.4 Resistance to Chemical Reagents—Conductthistestin
12.2 In-plantqualitycontrolspecimensshallbeconditioned
accordance with Test Method D543, Procedure 1.
at 73 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) for2hinair.
11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at
120°F (49°C) for 24 h.
13. Inspection
11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1% soapy water
13.1 Inspectionofthematerialshallbemadeasagreedupon
solution at 120°F (49°C) for 24 h.
between the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase
11.4.3 Alkali Resistance Test—This test indicates the effect
contract.
of hot alkali solutions on the plastic membrane materials.
11.4.3.1 Specimens—Each test unit shall consist of three
14. Certification
specimens of flat material 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm) selected in
14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
accordance with 12.1.
manufacturer’sorthesupplier’scertificationshallbefurnished
11.4.3.2 Procedure—Makeasolutionbydissolving5.0gof
tothepurchaserstatingthatsamplesrepresentingeachlothave
reagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-grade
been manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with
potassium hydroxide in 1 L of distilled water in a beaker. The
this specification and the requirements have been met. When
solution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150°F (66°C).
specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test
11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individual
results shall be furnished.
beaker of solution in accordance with 11.4.3.2. Immerse the
specimen for 72 h, and completely change the solution every
15. Product Marking
24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the new solution, the
solution shall be at a temperature of 150°F (66°C). 15.1 Material complying with this specification shall be
11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accor- continuously marked and shall include the following spaced
dance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test. out at intervals of not more than 2 ft (610 mm).
11.5 Microorganism Resistance Test—Determine the resis- 15.1.1 Manufacturer’s name (or brand name or trademark).
tance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance with 15.1.2 Material designation.
Annex A1. 15.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which the
11.6 Strength and Toughness Tests: sheet complies.
11.6.1 Puncture Resistance Test—Determine the resistance 15.1.4 Designation, “ASTM D 4551”, with which the sheet
of the material to mechanical damage which might occur complies.
during the installation of the water-containment membrane in 15.1.5 Theproductioncodeshallbeincludedinsidethecore
accordance with the procedure described in Annex A2. of all shipping units.
D 4551
16. Packaging and Package Marking 17.1.1 In addition to the in-plant quality control inspections
specified in Section 8, at least annually samples shall be tested
16.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core and
and certified as complying with the requirements of Table 2.
packaged in standard commercial containers, so constructed as
to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for safe
17.2 If the results of any tests do not conform to the
transportation to the point of delivery, unless otherwise speci-
requirements of this specification, retesting to determine con-
fied in the contract or
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