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ASTM D6751-02

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low sulfur biodiesel (B100) for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D.
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements for these properties.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6751-02a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1259-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7668-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5771-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4737-21 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7687-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8183-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7321-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8290-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel using Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7683-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Small Test Jar Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7545-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7397-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Miniaturized Optical Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2068-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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ASTM D6751-02 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-02 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
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ASTM D6751-02 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6751 – 02
Standard Specification for
1
Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
2
and Additives
1.1 This specification covers low sulfur biodiesel (B100) for
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by
2
Indicator Titration
Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and
2
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
2-D.
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or
2
late Fuels
aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D,
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture
2
at Reduced Pressure
meets pertinent national and local specifications and require-
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
ments for these properties.
2
(Lamp Method)
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
2
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
delivery.
2
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Prod-
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
2
ucts
restrictive.
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create 4
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
4
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
4
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
2. Referenced Documents
D 3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
Fuels
D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
2 D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
Closed Cup Tester
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
4
2 lometry
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
4
D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
2 D 3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
Petroleum Products
4
Tester
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
4
Petroleum Products
2
ity)
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
4
Petroleum Products
2
Petroleum Products
3 D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
4
2 trometry
by Potentiometric Titration
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
4
(Micro Method)
1 D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Variable Equation
D02.Eon Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine and Marine Fuels.
D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published February 2002. Originally
published as PS 121 – 99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6751
4
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems 4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis shall be
D 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele- taken by the procedure described in Practices D 4057 or
ments in Lubricating
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.2 The ethanol blending concentration for which this test method applies ranges from 1 % to 15% by volume. Higher concentrations of ethanol coelute with methanol in the analytical column. Lower levels of ethanol, similar to the other oxygenate, can be calibrated and analyzed also. If higher ethanol concentrations are expected, the window cutting technique can be used to avoid ethanol from entering the analytical column and interfere with the determination of the other oxygenates of interest. Refer to Appendix X1 for details.  
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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
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5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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