ASTM D7321-21

Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles, in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test method provides a means of assessing the mass of particulates present in a fuel sample.  
5.2 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contamination levels in the fuels purchased.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396 and D975.
Note 1: Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 °C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and discharge.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7321 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock
Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory
1
Filtration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemassof
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
particulatecontaminationinB100biodieselinaccordancewith
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
SpecificationD6751andBXXblendsthatarepreparedagainst
D6751Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications
for Middle Distillate Fuels
D396 and D975.
NOTE 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38°C have
3. Terminology
been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been
3.1 Definitions:
filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter
systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static 3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
electricity formation and discharge.
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
fats, designated B100.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a homogeneous mixture of
standard.
hydrocarbon oils and mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty
acids.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The mono-alkyl esters of long chain
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fattyacids(thatis,biodiesel)usedinthemixtureshallmeetthe
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirements of Specification D6751.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2.3 Discussion—Diesel fuel, fuel oil, and non-aviation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
gas turbine oil are examples of hydrocarbon oils.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2.4 Discussion—B0 is synonymous with a hydrocarbon
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oil to which no biodiesel has been added.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 bond, v—to connect two parts of a system electrically
bymeansofaconductivewiretoeliminatevoltagedifferences.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 filtered flushing fluids, n—any of three solvents,
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
methanol, propan-2-ol (isopropanol), or 2,2,4-
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel
trimethylpentane, filtered through a nominal 0.45µm filter.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
3.2.2 glass fiber filter, n—glass fiber filter used in this test
method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
4.1 B100 Biodiesel Blend Stock Filtration:
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
4.1.1 Ameasuredvolumeof400mLto450mLofbiodiesel
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7321–18a. DOI:
10.1520/D7321-21.
ester (B100) is vacuum filtered through one 0.7µm glass fiber
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
filter. If upon visual inspection particulate contamination is
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
observed,thismayresultinahighfiltrationtime.Insuchcases,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. whenthecontaminationishighorofanaturethatinducesslow
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7321 − 21
filtration rates, two or more fil
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7321 − 18a D7321 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock
Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory
1
Filtration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with
Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396
and D975.
NOTE 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 °C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered
through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and
discharge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Oct. 15, 2021. Published October 2018November 2021. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D7321 – 18.D7321 – 18a. DOI: 10.1520/D7321-18A.10.1520/D7321-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7321 − 21
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,
designated B100.
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a fuel composed of biodiesel blendstock with hydrocarbon-based diesel fuel.homogeneous mixture
of hydrocarbon oils and mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
In the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—
The mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids (that is, biodiesel) used in the mixture shall meet the requirements of Specification
D6751.
3.1.2.3 Discussion—
Diesel fuel, fuel oil, and non-aviation gas turbine oil are examples of hydrocarbon oils.
3.1.2.4 Discussion—
B0 is synonymous with a hydrocarbon oil to which no biodiesel has been added.
3.1.3 bond, v—to connect two parts of a system electrically by means of a conductive wire to eliminate voltage differences.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 filtered flushing fluids, n—any of three solvents, methanol, propan-2-ol (isopropanol), or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, filtered
through a nominal 0.45 μm filter.
3.2.2 glass fiber filter, n—glass fiber filter used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 B100 Biodiesel Blend Stock Filtration:
4.1
...