ASTM D8290-22

Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel using Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The present and growing international governmental requirements to add FAME (biodiesel, as specified in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214) to diesel fuel has had the side effect of leading to potential FAME contamination of jet turbine fuel in multifuel transport facilities such as cargo tankers and pipelines. FAME has been added as an identified incident material to Table 3 of Specification D1655 in which a permitted level of contamination is specified.  
5.2 This test method has been developed for use in the supply chain by nonspecialized personnel to detect all kinds of FAME covering the range of 10 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg.
Note 3: This test method can be used to screen for unconverted esters from lipid co-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon synthetic kerosene in aviation turbine fuel. This application is detailed in X1.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation turbine fuel in the range of 10 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg by measuring infrared (IR) transmission before, during, and after FAME is converted to molecules that absorb in a different spectral region than FAME using a selective chemical reaction facilitated by a suitable catalyst.
Note 1: This test method detects all FAME components with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 carbon chain length. The accuracy of this test method is based on the molecular weight of C16 to C18 FAME species. The presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy.
Note 2: Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by mid IR absorption. However, these additives do not contribute to the differential absorption spectrum used to quantify FAME, as they do not take part in the selective reaction.  
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 15 for more information.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.05 - Fuel Cleanliness

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8290 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in
Aviation Turbine Fuel using Mid-Infrared Laser
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the fatty
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation turbine fuel in
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
the range of 10 mg⁄kg to 400 mg⁄kg by measuring infrared
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
(IR) transmission before, during, and after FAME is converted ucts by Hydrometer Method
to molecules that absorb in a different spectral region than
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
FAME using a selective chemical reaction facilitated by a D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
suitable catalyst.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 1—This test method detects all FAME components with peak IR
-1
Petroleum Products
absorbanceatapproximately1749cm andC toC carbonchainlength.
8 22
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
The accuracy of this test method is based on the molecular weight of C
16
to C FAME species. The presence of other FAME species with different
18 Fuels, and Lubricants
molecular weights could affect the accuracy.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 2—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corro-
Petroleum Products
sion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by mid IR absorption.
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
However, these additives do not contribute to the differential absorption
spectrum used to quantify FAME, as they do not take part in the selective Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
reaction.
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision
for Middle Distillate Fuels
only, see Section 15 for more information.
3
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded 2.2 CEN Standard:
EN 14214 Liquid petroleum products – Fatty acid methyl
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating
applications – Requirements and test methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.
to Terminology D4175.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 co-hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, n—synthetic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
hydrocarbons derived from the hydroprocessing of bio-derived
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mono-, di-, and triglycerides, free fatty acids, and fatty acid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
esters with conventional hydrocarbons in accordance with the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements of Annex A1.2.2.1 in Specification D1655.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8290 – 20. DOI: Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
10.1520/D8290-22. Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8290 − 20 D8290 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in
Aviation Turbine Fuel using Mid-Infrared Laser
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation turbine fuel in the range
of 10 mg ⁄kg to 400 mg ⁄kg by measuring infrared (IR) transmission before, during, and after FAME is converted to molecules that
absorb in a different spectral region than FAME using a selective chemical reaction facilitated by a suitable catalyst.
-1
NOTE 1—This test method detects all FAME components with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm and C to C carbon chain length. The
8 22
accuracy of this test method is based on the molecular weight of C to C FAME species. The presence of other FAME species with different molecular
16 18
weights could affect the accuracy.
NOTE 2—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by mid IR absorption. However, these
additives do not contribute to the differential absorption spectrum used to quantify FAME, as they do not take part in the selective reaction.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 15 for more information.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020Dec. 15, 2022. Published December 2020January 2023. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D8290 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D8290-20.10.1520/D8290-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D8290 − 22
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
3
2.2 CEN Standard:
EN 14214 Liquid petroleum products – Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applica-
tions – Requirements and test methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 co-hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, n—synthetic hydrocarbons derived from the hydroprocessing of bio-derived
mon
...